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Computing > Homework/Extra > Flashcards

Homework/Extra Flashcards

1
Q

What does the address bus do?

A

Carries the addresses of data between the processor and memory(not the data itself).

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2
Q

What does the accumulator do?

A

Where intermediate arithmetic and logic results are stored.

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3
Q

What is a dictionary?

A

An abstract data type that defines an unordered set of data as a set of key-value pairs and is a general purpose data structure.

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4
Q

What is a list?

A

An abstract data type that represents a finite number of ordered values. The same value may occur multiple times.

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5
Q

What is a tuple?

A

A data structure that contains an ordered sequence of elements. A tuple is immutable.

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6
Q

What is an array?

A

An array is a data structure that holds similar related data. All data within an array must be of the same data type. Arrays can be multi-dimensional.

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7
Q

What are positives and negatives of star topology?

A

Same as you know but no “viruses spread easier” for negatives but more secure as data is only received by one node.

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8
Q

What is the difference between blagging and fishing?

A

Blagging is more personal and fishing emails will not be personalised.

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9
Q

Are data and instructions stored together in Von Neuman architecture?

A

Yes.

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10
Q

What is an argument?

A

Value sent to the function when it is called.

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11
Q

What is a parameter?

A

The variable listed inside the parenthesis in the function definition.

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12
Q

What is time efficiency?

A

A measure of how quickly an algorithm completes a task and takes into account consistency.

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13
Q

What are some benefits of developing solutions using the structured approach?

A

Subroutines can be developed in isolation and it is easier to discover errors and testing it is more effective. Subroutine can be updated without affecting the overall program.

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14
Q

What is utility software?

A

Small programs that manage extra features or functions. They are not essential.

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15
Q

What is system software?

A

Programs that are needed to enable the computer to run such as the operating system or programming language translators.

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16
Q

What are registers?

A

Small and faster than cache and built in to CPU.

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17
Q

What is the program counter?

A

Holds the address of the next instruction which is incremented each time an instruction is run.

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18
Q

How expensive is optical?

A

50GB for 45p.

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19
Q

How expensive is magnetic?

A

8TB for 120 pound.

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20
Q

How expensive is solid state?

A

4TB for 400 pound.

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21
Q

What are the three translators?

A

Compilers, interpreters, assembler.

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22
Q

What does assembly use?

A

Pneumonics.

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23
Q

Why is software important?

A

Software and hardware are needed for a computer to work.

24
Q

What is system software?

A

A program designed to run a computers hardware or application program.

25
Q

What is the difference between using a GUI and CLI?

A

Command line interface is much quicker.

26
Q

How does the OS manage memory?

A

Allocates where data and instructions are held in memory and swaps things out of secondary and main memory to make sure the computer is as efficient as it can be.

27
Q

How does the operating system manage the user?

A

Manages different profiles and access rights.

28
Q

How does the operating system manage files?

A

Manages files and folders for access and storage.

29
Q

What application software should you use if they ask to send a formal message?

A

Email software.

30
Q

What application software should you use if they ask to present a report?

A

Word processing.

31
Q

What application software should you sue for a presentation?

A

Presentation software.

32
Q

What software should you use for storage and calculations?

A

Spread sheet software.

33
Q

What application software should you use for storing information about customers?

A

Database software.

34
Q

Browser software is also application.

A

Thanks!!

35
Q

What is utility software part of?

A

System software.

36
Q

What does utility software do?

A

Fixes and maintains the computer.

37
Q

What is encryption utility software?

A

Scrambles plain text into cyphertext using an algorithm and a key. This cyphertext can only be understood with the key.

38
Q

What is compression utility software?

A

Compresses files to reduce bandwidth usage when sending and receiving files. Saves 30-40%.

39
Q

What is backup utility software2 ?

A

Protects against ransomware. This software takes a backup and puts it on cloud or storage device of your choice. You need to backup files and programs so the files can be run.

40
Q

What is the difference between system and application software?

A

System is run by system in background for example OS or encryption whereas application is run by user to complete a task.

41
Q

Why are two cores not twice as fast as one?

A

Some programs have to be executed sequentially(1 after 1) rather than simultaneously which makes having more than one core useless.

42
Q

What is hardware?

A

Physical components that make up a computer.

43
Q

What part of the cycle does the CPU do?

A

Just decode and execute.

44
Q

Are the ALU and control unit registers?

A

No.

45
Q

What is a Von Neumann bottleneck?

A

Data and instructions held together so they share busses which mean data and instructions cannot be fetched at the same time.

46
Q

What are embedded systems?

A

System built into another device.

47
Q

What does RAM do?

A

Holds data currently in use and allows CPU to access it quicker.

48
Q

What is the BIOS needed for?

A

To boot up the system and makes sure peripherals are working.

49
Q

What are drivers?

A

Software for peripherals.

50
Q

How would you compare the RAM and ROM of an embedded system compared to a general purpose system?

A

Embedded-More ROM than RAM as programs are ran from ROM.
General-More RAM than ROM as ROM is only needed for BIOS and started up sequence whereas RAM holds all data currently in use.

51
Q

What is the least reliable of the storages?

A

Solid state as it has to be replaced the most frequently.

52
Q

What is secondary storage?

A

ROM or things that are non-volatile for long term storage.

53
Q

Link back to the question.

A

Cheers Mark!!.

54
Q

What does a larger cache cause?

A

Increased performance as more instructions can be accessed quicker which reduce time to fetch instructions.

55
Q

What are some features of a touch screen software?

A

Large buttons, touch screen keyboard or scrollable as easier to do with finger as oppose to mouse.

56
Q

Why are embedded systems important in hospitals for things such as heart rate monitors.

A

Cheaper and NHS or hospitals would want to cut down on costs. Also optimised and efficient in their task which is vital for thinks such as heart rate monitor and could be difference between life and death.

57
Q

What is a disadvantage of an interpreter?

A

They have to be installed.

Computing (8 decks)

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