Homework Chapter 1 Flashcards
Spontaneous Generation
Life can arise spontaneously from non living matter
Vital Forces in nonliving matter can lead to new life
Living cells can arise from nonliving matter under favorable conditions
Biogenesis
Microorganisms present in Non Living Matter can lead to new Microorganisms
Living cells can arise only from preexisting living cells
Life can arise as a result of microorganisms present in nonliving matter
Which of the following is not considered a symptom of infection?
Body temperature of 101.9°F
Which of the following is not considered an infectious disease?
High blood pressure
Which of the following best describes members of the group fungi?
These organisms are single- or multi-celled eukaryotes that contain chitin in their cell walls.
Which of the following represent the proper presentation of a genus and species name?
Escherichia coli(*italicized or underlined)
Which of the following are FALSE concerning microbes?
The primary role of microbes on the planet involves causing disease in animals and humans.
All microorganisms that regularly populate the human body are referred to as the ___________________.
Human Microbiome
Which of the following represents the correct format for the scientific name of an organism?
Staphylococcus aureus
What important theory is based on the observations of Hooke and van Leeuwenhoek, documenting the existence of microscopic cells?
The cell theory, stating that all living things are composed of cells
Which of the following is true of microbes?
Gene expression in bacteria is very similar to gene expression in humans, which facilitates the use of bacteria in recombinant biotechnology and gene therapy.
All of the following factors contribute to the threat of emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) EXCEPT __________.
vaccinations that control epidemiologic spread
Zika virus, COVID-19, Ebola virus, and small pox virus are examples of emerging infectious pathogens.
False(Re-emerging)
How would we classify a eukaryotic organisms that is found in both unicellular and multicellular forms, may resemble plants but are not photosynthetic, have chitin in their cell walls, and absorb organic nutrients from decomposing material in the environment.
Fungi
Which of the following matches the organisms described with the correct domain?
Eukarya–single-celled and multicellular organisms, with a defined nucleus and a variety of nutritional sources
How was disproving spontaneous generation associated with developing principles important to microbiology?
Pasteur’s experiments with swan-necked flasks supported the concept that microbes in the air were responsible for contaminating nonliving matter.
A disease breaks out among sheep in California. A scientist takes blood from the sheep and grows a previously unknown organism. That organism is then injected into a healthy sheep. The healthy sheep becomes sick with the same symptoms as the original sheep and dies. That sheep’s blood is then cultured, and the original organism is isolated. This applies the principles of __________.
Koch’s postulates
Bacteria
Derive nutrition from organic or inorganic sources or conduct photosynthesis.
Have Cell walls that contain Peptidoglycan
Archaea
Found in extreme environments
Not typically associated with human disease
Fungi
Eukaryotic
Can be unicellular or multicellular
Viruses
Cannot reproduce outside a host cell
Can be seen only with an electron microscope
One of the first set of experiments to refute spontaneous generation was done in 1688 by Francesco Redi. Which of the following statements regarding Francesco Redi’s experiments is true?
The results of his experiment demonstrated that living organisms are derived from other living organisms.
In 1861, Pasteur conducted his now-famous experiments using flasks with long necks bent into an S-shape. Imagine that you are a scientist working in Pasteur’s lab at this time. You decide to tip the flasks so that broth enters the long S-shaped neck. You then return the flask to its upright position. Predict the most likely outcome of tipping one of Pasteur’s S-necked flasks.
The broth would become contaminated with microbes because they were trapped in the neck.
S. aureus has been isolated from George’s infected wound. To satisfy Koch’s postulates, what would George’s doctor need to do with the isolated S. aureus?
Inject the S. aureus into an animal, observe whether the animal gets an infection similar to George’s, and isolate the same strain of S. aureus from the infection.
Which of the following are limitations of antibiotics?
Treatment with antibiotics can lead to the emergence of resistant strains.
Antibiotics may be toxic.
Antibiotics are not effective in treating viral infections.
Further characterization of the S. aureus isolated from George’s wound reveals that the strain is MRSA. Why is George’s doctor concerned that MRSA has been identified as the causative agent of George’s infection?
MRSA is transmissible.
Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) are new diseases and diseases increasing in incidence.
True
