Homeostasis, Cell Structure and Function

Question 1

what is homeostasis?

Answer 1

the process of maintaining balance in an organism’s internal environment

Question 2

what is a fundamental idea of modern biology?

Answer 2

cell theory

Question 3

what are some examples of homeostasis?

Answer 3

maintaining healthy blood pressure, and volume of body water

Question 4

what are the three principles of cell theory?

Answer 4

all living organisms are composed of one or more cells, cells are the basic unit of structure for all living organisms, cells arise only form previous cells and pass their genetic material onto their daughter cells.

Question 5

what occurs when cells pass copies of their genetic material onto daughter cells?

Question 6

what do all cells have in common?

Answer 6

all cells have a plasma membrane

Question 7

a plasma membrane is a special boundary that does what?

Answer 7

helps control what enters and leaves the cell

Question 8

why do most cells break down molecules?

Answer 8

to generate energy

Question 9

what are the two basic kinds of cells?

Answer 9

prokaryotic and eukaryotic

Question 10

which cell contains a nulceus?

Answer 10

eukaryotic cells

Question 11

what are specialized structures that perform specific instructions?

Answer 11

organelles

Question 12

what is a type of organelle found in a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 12

a nuclues

Question 13

what does a nuclues contain?

Answer 13

genetic material

Question 14

which cells do not have a nulcues?

Answer 14

prokaryotic cells

Question 15

what leads us to believe prokayotic cells to be the first on earth?

Answer 15

their simplicity

Question 16

what theory proposes that a symbiotic relationship formed between two prokaryotic cells?

Answer 16

the endosymbiont theory

Question 17

what did the symbiotic relationship between the prokaryotic cells lead to?

Answer 17

the creation of the eukaryotic cell

Question 18

what is the process of maintaining balance in an organism’s environment?

Answer 18

homeostasis

Question 19

what is selective permeablility?

Answer 19

being able to allow or not allow something to pass through

Question 20

when and how much of various substances enter and leave a cell depends on what?

Answer 20

the plasma membrane

Question 21

what are two layers of phospholipids arranged in a way that allows the cell to exist in a watery environment?

Answer 21

a phospholipid bilayer

Question 22

hydrophobic?

Answer 22

does not like water, the tail

Question 23

hydrophilic?

Answer 23

likes water, head

Question 24

hydrophilic?

Answer 24

likes water, head

Question 25

the bilayer keeps the internal and external environments separate how?

Answer 25

the polar heads face the outside and non-polar tails areon the inside

Question 26

small uncharged molecules pass through the membrane easier why?

Answer 26

because non-polar dissoles water

Question 27

what role do transport proteins serve in a plasma membrane?

Answer 27

to move waste materials and/or needed substances

Question 28

what molecules move among the plasma membrane?

Answer 28

carbohydrates, cholestro, proteins

Question 29

polar substances dissolve in ___?

Answer 29

polar substances

Question 30

non-polar substances dissolve in ___?

Answer 30

non-polar substances

Question 31

what are the three roles of proteins in a plasma membrane?

Answer 31

recept, transport, and support

Question 32

what does it mean to be a receptor?

Answer 32

receptors transmit signals to the inside of the cell

Question 33

what does it mean to be a supporter?

Answer 33

a supporter gives the membrane structure and strength

Question 34

what does it mean to be a transporter?

Answer 34

to form channels to move substances through the membrane

Question 35

what role does cholesterol play in a plasma membrane?

Answer 35

it contributes to the fluidity and prevents the tails from sticking together, also non-polar

Question 36

what roles do carbohydrates play in a plasma membrane?

Answer 36

they define the cell's characteristics and help the cell identify chemical signals

Question 37

what does the condenser on a microscope do?

Answer 37

concentrate the light

Question 38

what does the iris diaphragm do on a microscope?

Answer 38

controls the amount of light

Question 39

what feature on a microscope allows you to move the specimen?

Answer 39

the X-Y stage movement knobs

Question 40

what do vacuoles store?

Answer 40

food, enzymes, and waste

Question 41

why don't plant cells burst?

Answer 41

plant cells have a cell wall

Question 42

centrioles are made up of what?

Answer 42

microtubules

Question 43

what is the function of centrioles?

Answer 43

to pull apart DNA

Question 44

why do mitochondrion have folded membranes?

Answer 44

to have multiple reactions on its higher surface area

Question 45

mitochondria is needed for what process?

Answer 45

cellular respiration

Question 46

chloroplasts are needed for what process?

Answer 46

photosynthesis

Question 47

compare and contrast cilia vs flagella

Answer 47

cilia have hair like attachments and several of them, flagella have few longer attachments that move in a whip like movement. they are both microtubules

Question 48

what is the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane?

Answer 48

osmosis

Question 49

because of osmosis what happens to water molecules?

Answer 49

water molecules will move to the side of the cell with the greater solute concentration

Question 49

because of osmosis what happens to water molecules?

Answer 49

water molecules will move to the side of the cell with the greater solute concentration

Question 50

the net movement of water to the side with the greater solute concentration continues until what is reached?

Answer 50

dynamic equilibrium

Question 51

true or false? Facilitated diffusion requires no additional input of energy because the particles are moving from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Answer 51

false, diffusion and facilitated diffusion are also known as passive transport because neither process requires additional energy input.

Question 52

all the chemical processes of the cell take place directly in?

Answer 52

the cytoplasm of the cell

Question 53

what is the semifluid material enclosed by a plasma membrane?

Answer 53

cytoplasm

Question 54

all chemical processes take place in cytoplasm in what type of cell?

Answer 54

prokaryotes

Question 55

all chemical processes take place in the organelles inside the cytoplasm of what type of cell?

Answer 55

eukaryotes

Question 56

what is a supporting network of long, thin protein fibers that form a framework for the cell and proved an anchor for the organelles?

Answer 56

cytoskeleton

Question 57

what are long, hollow protein cylinders that form a rigid skeleton for the cell and assist in moving substances within the cell?

Answer 57

microtubules

Question 58

what are thin protein threads that help give the cell shape and enable the part of the entire cell to move?

Answer 58

microfilaments

Question 59

a nucleus is surrounded by what?

Answer 59

a nuclear enelope, nucleolus

Question 60

which organelle contains most of the cell's DNA?

Answer 60

the nucleus

Question 61

which organelles manufacture proteins?

Answer 61

ribosomes

Question 62

where are ribosomes produced?

Answer 62

inside the nucleus

Question 63

what is a membrane system of folded sacs and interconnected channels that serves as the site for protein and lipid synthesis?

Answer 63

endoplasmic reticulum

Question 64

what is a flattened stack of membranes that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins?

Answer 64

golgi apparatus

Question 65

Proteins are packaged into sacs called what?

Answer 65

vesicles

Question 66

which organelle can fuse to the plasma membrane and release the proteins to the environment?

Answer 66

vesicles

Question 67

How are lysosomes important to the immune system?

Answer 67

they get rid of harmful bacteria and viruses

Question 68

this organelle is like an energy generator

Answer 68

mitochondria

Question 69

How is a cell wall different than a classroom wall?

Answer 69

Cell walls are permeable; classroom walls are impermeable, meaning substances cannot pass through. Everything that enters and leaves a plant cell must be able to pass through a cell wall.