Homeostasis and the skeletal system

Question 1

What is an example of positive feedback?

Answer 1

Increasing muscle contraction during childbirth

Question 2

what division of skeleton highlights the arm, shoulder, pelvis, leg bones?

Answer 2

appendicular skeleton

Question 3

How does the proximal epiphysis lie to the articular cartilage

Answer 3

distal

Question 4

Major Functions of bone

Answer 4

Support (tendon attachment), protection, assistance in movement, mineral storage and release and blood cell production

Question 5

Bone Formation

Answer 5

1. Calcium released from bone.
2. Indirectly triggers osteoblast differentiation.
3. Preosteoblasts mature into osteoblasts.
4. Osteoclasts lay down bone.
5. Expression of RANKL
6. Inactive osteoclasts express RANK
7. RANKL binds to RANK
8. Activates osteoclasts.
9. Bone resorbed.

Question 6

Compact bone is also known as

Answer 6

Cortical bone

Question 7

Osteoclast matches with

Answer 7

RANK

Question 8

Osteoblast matches with

Answer 8

RANKL

Question 9

mechanism for osteoblast regulation

Answer 9

WNT, Runx2, Osterix, TNF-a, OPG

Question 10

when an individual begins exercise, their muscles promote more…

Answer 10

venous return

Question 11

more venous return, increase the…

Answer 11

stroke volume

Question 12

the sudden demand on the body causes an increase in…

Answer 12

sympathetic nervous system activity

Question 13

increase in symp nervous system activity, does what to heart rate?

Answer 13

increases the heart rate

Question 14

increasing the heart rate then…

Answer 14

increases the cardiac output

Question 15

once the demand has passed, parasymp activity does what to the heart rate?

Answer 15

reduces the heart rate

Question 16

what does MSC stand for

Answer 16

mesenchymal stem cell

Question 17

the best example of an integrating centre in homeostasis

Answer 17

Hypothalamus

Question 18

what are the mechanosensors of bone?

Answer 18

Canaliculi

Question 19

what is the term for ‘eating’ or ‘destroying’ bone

Answer 19

resorb

Question 20

an osteon contains…

Answer 20

blood vessels centrally

Question 21

concentric lamellae contains…

Answer 21

blood vessels peripherally

Question 22

What feedback loop is blood clotting

Answer 22

Positive

Question 23

what feedback loop is parturition

Answer 23

positive

Question 24

what feedback loop is regulation of ventilation

Answer 24

negative

Question 25

what feedback loop is glucose regulation

Answer 25

negative

Question 26

what term best defines transient physiological modifications in homeostasis

Answer 26

acclimatisation

Question 27

Sequence of actions in response to a painful stimulus in homeostasis

Answer 27

1. Stimulus
2. Nociceptor
3. Afferent pathway along a…
4. Sensory neuron
5. Integration center
6. Efferent pathway along a…
7. Motor neuron
8. Muscle

Question 28

is wound healing an example of homeostasis within normal limits

Answer 28

no

Question 29

what lines compact bone

Answer 29

periosteum

Question 30

which part of the body is the popliteal associated with

Answer 30

knee

Question 31

do osteoclasts resorb bone

Answer 31

yes

Question 32

which one is not a connective tissue:
blood
bone
cartilage
simple squamous epithelia
adipose tissue

Answer 32

simple squamous epithelia

Question 33

whats the correct order of the following layers of the growth plate from diaphysis to epiphysis:
1. Calcified cartilage 2. Hypertrophic cartilage 3. Proliferating cartilage 4. Resting cartilage

Answer 33

1,2,3,4