Homeostasis and the skeletal system Flashcards
What is an example of positive feedback?
Increasing muscle contraction during childbirth
what division of skeleton highlights the arm, shoulder, pelvis, leg bones?
appendicular skeleton
How does the proximal epiphysis lie to the articular cartilage
distal
Major Functions of bone
Support (tendon attachment), protection, assistance in movement, mineral storage and release and blood cell production
Bone Formation
- Calcium released from bone.
- Indirectly triggers osteoblast differentiation.
- Preosteoblasts mature into osteoblasts.
- Osteoclasts lay down bone.
- Expression of RANKL
- Inactive osteoclasts express RANK
- RANKL binds to RANK
- Activates osteoclasts.
- Bone resorbed.
Compact bone is also known as
Cortical bone
Osteoclast matches with
RANK
Osteoblast matches with
RANKL
mechanism for osteoblast regulation
WNT, Runx2, Osterix, TNF-a, OPG
when an individual begins exercise, their muscles promote more…
venous return
more venous return, increase the…
stroke volume
the sudden demand on the body causes an increase in…
sympathetic nervous system activity
increase in symp nervous system activity, does what to heart rate?
increases the heart rate
increasing the heart rate then…
increases the cardiac output
once the demand has passed, parasymp activity does what to the heart rate?
reduces the heart rate
what does MSC stand for
mesenchymal stem cell
the best example of an integrating centre in homeostasis
Hypothalamus
what are the mechanosensors of bone?
Canaliculi
what is the term for ‘eating’ or ‘destroying’ bone
resorb
an osteon contains…
blood vessels centrally
concentric lamellae contains…
blood vessels peripherally
What feedback loop is blood clotting
Positive
what feedback loop is parturition
positive
what feedback loop is regulation of ventilation
negative
what feedback loop is glucose regulation
negative
what term best defines transient physiological modifications in homeostasis
acclimatisation
Sequence of actions in response to a painful stimulus in homeostasis
- Stimulus
- Nociceptor
- Afferent pathway along a…
- Sensory neuron
- Integration center
- Efferent pathway along a…
- Motor neuron
- Muscle
is wound healing an example of homeostasis within normal limits
no
what lines compact bone
periosteum
which part of the body is the popliteal associated with
knee
do osteoclasts resorb bone
yes
which one is not a connective tissue:
blood
bone
cartilage
simple squamous epithelia
adipose tissue
simple squamous epithelia
whats the correct order of the following layers of the growth plate from diaphysis to epiphysis:
1. Calcified cartilage 2. Hypertrophic cartilage 3. Proliferating cartilage 4. Resting cartilage
1,2,3,4
