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Biology > Homeostasis and Response > Flashcards

Homeostasis and Response Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is Homeostasis?

A

Homeostasis is the maintenance of a constant internal environment

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2
Q

A homeostatic system is made up of five components

A
  • Stimulus
  • Receptor
  • Control Centre
  • Effector
  • Response
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3
Q

Negative Feedback - Too Cold

A
  1. Hair stands up
  2. Muscle contraction
  3. Vasoconstriction
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4
Q

Negative Feedback - Too Hot

A
  1. Hair lays flat
  2. Sweating
  3. Vasodilation
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5
Q

Central Nervous System contains….

A
  • brain

- spinal cord

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6
Q

Peripheral Nervous System contains….

A
  • consists of all other nerves
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7
Q

Nerve Cell components

A
  • Dendrite
  • Nucleus
  • Axon
  • Cell Membrane
  • Nerve Ending
  • Cytoplasm
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8
Q

Communication in the nervous system

A

Stimulus to Receptor to Sensory Neurone to Relay neurone to Motor neurone to Effector to response

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9
Q

Why do we need a myelin sheath ?

A

The myelin sheath insulates the axon and speeds up the transmission of electrical impulses.

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10
Q

Sensory Neurones…..

A

They carry electrical impulses from receptors towards the CNS

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11
Q

How do neurones communicate with each other….

A
  • Neurones
    communicating with each other using junctions known as synapses
  • This is done using chemical messengers
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12
Q

SYNAPSES

A

LEARN

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13
Q

NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTIONS

A

LEARN

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14
Q

Reflex Actions

A

quick automatic responses which do not require conscious processing or input from the brain in order to occur

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15
Q

REFLEX ARC

A

LEARN

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16
Q

Key Parts of the Brain

A
  • Cerebral Cortex
  • Hypothalamus
  • Pituitary Gland
  • Cerebellum
  • Medulla
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17
Q

The Medulla Function

A
  • responsible for controlling unconscious activities
18
Q

Cerebellum

A
  • behind the medulla
  • responsible for co-ordinating our movement and our balance
  • responsible for maintaining posture and equilibrium
19
Q

Hypothalamus

A
  • regulates speech , temperature and the water balance in our body
20
Q

Pituitary Gland

A
  • secretes several key hormones. including those that regulate our metabolism, sexual developments, growth and our general functioning
  • receives input from the hypothalamus on which hormones to secrete.
21
Q

Cerebrum

A
  • split into two hemispheres
  • controls a lot of our higher functions such as language and speech
  • outer layer known as the cerebral cortex.
22
Q

The Mammalian Eye

A
  • light enters the eye through our pupil, where it is focused onto the retina
  • from there the image is sent via the optic nerve to the brain
23
Q

Parts of the Eye

A
  • iris
  • pupil
  • cornea
  • cillary muscle
  • lens
  • conjunctiva
  • retina
  • fovea
  • optic nerve
  • lens
24
Q

PHOTORECEPTOR CELL

A

LEARN

25
Q

Vitreous Humour

A

Gel like substance that makes up the bulk if the eyeball, helps eye hold its spherical shape

26
Q

The Sclera

A

Retina protected by a thick connective tissue coat

27
Q

Choroid

A

Retina is nourished by a vascular choroid layer which lie below the sclera

28
Q

Iris

A

colour, controls how much light is let into the eye

29
Q

Sclera

A

is the white outer layer, protects the eye from injury

30
Q

Conjunctiva

A

a mucous membrane which lines the eyelids and covers the front of the eye

31
Q

Pupil Reflex

A

the amount of light entering the eye is controlled by a reflex action
the size of the pupil changes in response to bright or dim light.
This is controlled by the muscles of the iris

32
Q

Lens function and location…..

A

Lens is located at the front of the eye, responsible for refracting the light that enters the eye, and focussing it onto the retina

33
Q

Ciliary body is controlled by and contains….

A

The ciliary body contains smooth muscle arrange in circular fashion and controlled by the autonomic nervous system

34
Q

What is accomodation

A

The ability of thelenstochange its shapeto focus near and distant objects is calledaccommodation.

35
Q

When the lens thins….

A

causing lesser refraction in order to focus on object that is far away

36
Q

When the lens thickens…

A

causing greater refraction in order to focus on an object that is nearby

37
Q

What is myopia ?

A

Short sightedness

38
Q

What is hyperopia ?

A

Long sightedness

39
Q

What lens do we use for myopia ?

A

concave lens

40
Q

What lens do we use for hyperopia ?

A

convex lens

Biology (6 decks)

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