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Biology - Paper 2 > Homeostasis And Response > Flashcards

Homeostasis And Response Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the function of the nervous system

A

It enables organisms to react to their surroundings and coordinates behaviour

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2
Q

What are the 2 parts of the CNS (central nervous system

A

Brain and spinal cord

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3
Q

Why are reflex actions described as rapid and automatic

A

They don’t involve the conscious part of the brain

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4
Q

Why are reflex actions important

A

For survival and to prevent damage to the body

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5
Q

Pathway of a nervous response

A

Stimulus —> receptor —> coordinator —> effector —> response

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6
Q

Function of the cerebral cortex

A

Outer layer of the brain playing an important role in consciousness

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7
Q

Function of the medulla oblongata

A

Part of the brain above the spinal cord that controls breathing rate and heart rate

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8
Q

Function of the cerebellum

A

Part at the back of the brain involved in coordinating muscle activity

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9
Q

Why is it difficult to treat brain disorders

A

Brain is very complex and delicate

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10
Q

What is a synapse

A

Gap between two neurones, allowing impulses to cross

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11
Q

What is the function of neurones

A

Carry electrical impulses around the body

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12
Q

What is homeostasis

A

Maintenance of constant internal environment

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13
Q

3 internal conditions controlled by homeostasis

A

Body temp, blood glucose conc and water levels

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14
Q

What is accommodation

A

Process of changing shape of the lens to focus on near or distant objects

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15
Q

2 common defects of the eye

A

Myopia (short sighted) and hyperopia (long sighted)

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16
Q

How can eye defect be treated

A

Spectacle lenses, contact lenses, laser surgery and lens replacement in the eye

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17
Q

Where is body temp monitored and controlled

A

Thermoregulatory centre in the brain

18
Q

What happens if body temp is too high

A

Blood vessels dilate (vasodilation) and sweat is produced

19
Q

What happens if body temp is too low

A

Blood vessels constrict (vasoconstriction), sweating stops and shivering takes place

20
Q

What is the endocrine system

A

System of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream

21
Q

How do the effects of the endocrine system compare to those of the nervous system

A

Endocrine system effect are slower but last longer

22
Q

Where is the pituitary gland located

A

Brain

23
Q

Which organ monitors and controls blood glucose concentration

A

Pancreas

24
Q

Which hormones interact to regulate blood glucose levels

A

Insulin and glucagon

25
Q

What is the cause of type 1 diabetes

A

Pancreas produces insufficient insulin

26
Q

What is the cause of type 2 diabetes

A

Body cells no longer respond to insulin

27
Q

What is the function of the kidneys

A

Filter and reabsorb useful substances from the blood, and produce urine to excrete excess water, ions and urea

28
Q

How are excess amino acids excreted from the body

A

Delaminated to form ammonia in the liver, ammonia is converted to urea and excreted

29
Q

Which hormone controls the water level in the body

A

ADH

30
Q

How is kidney failure treated

A

Organ transplant or kidney dialysis

31
Q

What is the function of FSH

A

causes eggs to mature in the ovaries and stimulates ovaries to produce oestrogen

32
Q

What is the function of LH

A

Stimulates the release of an egg

33
Q

What is the function of oestrogen

A

Causes lining of the uterus wall to thicken

34
Q

What are the methods of hormonal contraception

A

Oral contraceptives, an injection, implant or patch

35
Q

Disadvantages of IVF

A
  • emotionally and physically stressful
  • low success rate
  • can lead to multiple risky births
36
Q

What is the function of adrenaline

A

Increases heart rate and boosts delivery of oxygen and glucose to the brain and muscles to prepare the body for fight or flight

37
Q

Function of thyroxine

A

Stimulates basal metabolic rate so is important for growth and development

38
Q

What is geotropism

A

Orientation and growth of plants in response to gravity

39
Q

What is phototropism

A

Orientation and growth of plant in response to light

40
Q

What are the use of gibberellins in agriculture

A

End seed dormancy, promote flowering and increases fruit size

Biology - Paper 2 (3 decks)

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