Homeostasis and Directional Flashcards
Anatomy
the science of the structure of living organisms
Physiology
the science of functioning of living organisms
Organelle
specialized structures in a cell that perform specific metabolic functions
Cell
the basic biological unit of living organisms, containing a nucleus and variety of organelles enclosed by a limiting membrane
Tissue
a group of similar cells specialized to perform a specific function primary tissue types are epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissues
Organ
a part of the body formed of two or more tissues that performs a specialized function
Organ system
a group of organs that work together to perform a vital body function
Organism
an individual living thing
Metabolism
the sum total of the chemical reactions that occur in the body
Homeostasis
a state of body equilibrium or stable internal environment of the body
Negative-feedback mechanisms
feedback that causes the stimulus to decline or end
Receptor
a peripheral nerve endings specialized for response to particular types of stimuli
Control center
helps maintain homeostasis
Positive-feedback mechanism
feedback that tends to cause a variable to change in the same direction as the initial change enhances the stimulus
Effector
an organ, gland, or muscle capable of being activated by nerve endings
Anatomical position
standing up palms facing forward
Superior
toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body above
Inferior
away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body
Anterior
toward or at the front of the body
Posterior
toward or at the backside of the body
Sagittal plane
a longitudinal plane that divides the body or any its parts into right and left portions
Transverse plane
plane that divides the body or its parts into superior and inferior portion
Frontal plane
a longitudinal plane that divides the body or an organ into anterior and posterior parts
Oblique plane
a plane that is at any angle
Thoracic cavity
the chest cavity
Abdominal cavity
the ab cavity
Pelvic cavity
the pelvis cavity
Serous membranes
reduces friction in the body
Pericardial cavity
a layer in the lungs
Pleural cavity
a cavity round the lungs
