Homeostasis and Cell Funciton Flashcards
An organism is said to be in homeostasis when its internal environment:
contains the optimum [ ] of gases, nutrients, ions, and water. Has optimal temperature and optimal pressure for the health of the cells.
What cation is most abundant in the extracellular fluid?
Na+
What cation is must abundant in the intracellular fluid?
K+
What anion is most abundant in the extracellular fluid?
Cl-
An increase in the production of TSH releasing factor results in an increase in the release of thyroid stimulating hormone, which results in the release of more thyroxine, which results in a decrease in the production of TSH. Is this a negative or positive feedback loop?
Negative
What is a negative feedback loop and example.
a change in some parameter causes a response that results in a return of that parameter to normal (baseline). The response reverses the direction of the initial condition. ex. regulation of arterial blood pressure.
Define a positive feedback look and provide and example.
A change in some parameter causes a response that continues to change that parameter in the same direction as before. The input it intensified. Ex. stretch of the cervix during delivery sends a signal to increase uterine contractions.
Define Gain:
The degree of effectiveness with which a control system maintains constant conditions.
Give an example of a transmembrane protein.
a channel protein.
where can integral proteins be found?
they are either inserted into the membrane on one side or the other or pass all the way through and are exposed on either side of the membrane.
Where can peripheral proteins be found?
They are loosely attached to one surface of the membrane or the other and are easily removed.
What organelles(s) are associated with intracellular trafficking?
ER and Golgi
What organelle(s) are associate with most ATP production?
Mitochondria
List some points about Glycolysis
anaerobic respiration, begins with glucose, occurs in they cytoplasm of all cells, does not require oxygen, produces pyruvic acid (lactic acid) and a small amount of ATP.
List some points about Kreb’s cycle and ETC
aerobic respiration, utilizes pyruvic acid from glycolysis, can only occur in the mitochondria, requires oxygen as the final electron receptor, produces co2 and h2o, much more ATP than glycolysis.
