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Physiology I > Homeostasis > Flashcards

Homeostasis Flashcards

1
Q

what percentage of our body is water

A

60%

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2
Q

ICF is what percent of total body water

A

2/3

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3
Q

ECF is what percent of total body water

A

1/3

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4
Q

what is ICF

A

anything inside cell

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5
Q

what is ECF

A

anything outside cell

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6
Q

what two compartments are in ECF?

A

plasma, interstitial fluid

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7
Q

plasma

A

blood cells, plasma proteins

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8
Q

interstitial fluid is what

A

ultrafiltrate of plasma

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9
Q

difference b/w females and males in total body water

A

60% for males

55% females

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10
Q

what percentage is interstitial fluid and plasma

A

80% interstital fluid

20% plasma

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11
Q

4 important constitutents of ECF

A

Na+
K+
Ca++
Cl-

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12
Q

Na+ in ECF amount

A

142 mEq/L

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13
Q

K+ ECF

A

4 mEq/L

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14
Q

Ca++ ECF

A

2.4 mEq/L

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15
Q

Cl- ECF

A

103 mEq/L

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16
Q

Na+ ICF

A

10 mEq/L

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17
Q

K+ ICF

A

140 mEq/L

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18
Q

Ca++ ICF

A

.0001 mEq/L

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19
Q

Cl- ICF

A

4 mEq/L

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20
Q

phosphates ICF

A

75 mEq/L

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21
Q

sodium potasium ATPase does what

A

3 sodiums out for every two potassiums in

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22
Q

if sodium is 142 on inside of cell

A

you will die

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23
Q

as many potassium ions go out (postiive charge goes out) what happens to keep homeostasis

A

as many leave, that many go back in cell

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24
Q

what is the unit to describve ion quantitites

A

miliequivalent per liter

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25
Q

what is a concentration gradient

A

different concentrations for sodium to go into cell

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26
Q

when an ion is going to move, how does it move

A

toward the lower concentration gradient

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27
Q

if only concentration gradient is there, where will ion go

A

“downhill” so Na+ would go from 142 to 10, so it would go inside cell

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28
Q

the bigger the concentration gradient

A

the faster the ion will move

29
Q

what is major anion and cation inside cell

A

cation: potassium
anion: phosphates

30
Q

what is major anion and cation outside cell

A

cation: sodium
anion: chlorine

31
Q

Draw graph of major anions and cations inside extracellular and intracelluar

A

slide 6 homeostasis

32
Q

osmolality is:

A

whatever is in the compartment, like beaker of water. add sodium chloride. add 142 mE/L ,all the solutes impart osmotic pressure and would impart it on a cell if the cell goes inside beaker, they would put pressure on cell membrane. it is the number of solute molecules at concentration x number of solute molecules that can be disassociated

33
Q

osmolality vs osmolarity

A

osmolarity is expressed as mOsm/L
osmolality is mOsm/kg
osmolarity is volume, osmolality is weighing it. they are very similar to each other

34
Q

what is ECF and ICF osmolality

A

290 mOsm/kg

35
Q

osmotic pressure

A

difference in solute concentration

36
Q

osmotic pressure does what to water

A

causes it move if there is osmotic gradient

37
Q

what is normal osmolarity

A

285 mOsM

38
Q

what is the osmolarity in ECF and ICF

A

285 mOsM for both

39
Q

what are the five components of homeostatic control system

A
  1. stimulus
  2. change detected by receptor
  3. input
  4. output
  5. response
40
Q

variable example for homeostatic control

A

blood pressure

41
Q

as soon as variable deviates enough from set point what happens

A

sensor notices and sends information to control sensor

42
Q

describe negative feedback control system

A

some variable is off balance, like it being 80 degrees in apartment, it brings it back down to normal range, like air condition turning on and cooling off apartment to 75

43
Q

a person eats, causes raise in blood glucose level, this does what to sensors

A

stimulates

44
Q

what cells are stimulated as results of increased blood glucose lvels

A

beta cells of pancreas - they release insulin into blood

45
Q

what is the result of negative feedback mechanism after eating

A

blood glucose levels go back down

46
Q

if diabetic person is not eating, person is drinking too much, hepatitis or kideny disorders, they would all result in

A

lowered blood glucose levels

47
Q

deviation from normal blood glucose - lower blood glucose, stimulates what sensors

A

alpha cells in pancreas

48
Q

alpha cells in pancreas release what

A

glucagon

49
Q

what is restult of negative feedback of low blood glucose

A

blood levels go back to normal

50
Q

if blood pressure is increased, ex: 140/90, it stimluates what sensors

A

baroreceptors in carotid sinuses and aortic arch

51
Q

what do baroreceptors respond to

A

stretch due to increase bp

52
Q

how does brain interrpret barorecptors

A

electircal activity - increase firing rate of AP going to brain

53
Q

centers in brain integrate info in brain, and do what in responde to high BP

A

decrease sympathetic impulses to heart → decrease HR
Decrease contractility and decrease CO (cardiac output)
increase parasympathetic

54
Q

acetylcholine binds to receptors in heart and does what

A

decreases heart rate

55
Q

when norepinephrine is realeased from sympathetic nervous system it goes to what receptors

A

alpha echo

56
Q

list steps of negative feedback to decrease BP

A

pg 14

57
Q

decrease in BP, acts on baroreceptors and electrical activity does what

A

decrease impulse/frequency to brain

58
Q

if low BP, what happens to baroreceptors

A

less stretch/pressure

59
Q

list steps for negative feedback of low BP

A

pg 15

60
Q

go through thermoregulation - increase in temp. negative feedback steps

A

pg 17

61
Q

go through thermoregulation - decrease in body temp. negative feedback steps

A

pg 18

62
Q

negative feedback purpose:

A

stabilize system

63
Q

positive feedback purpose:

A

destabilize system

64
Q

what happens in positive feedback

A

initial deviation, initial parameter (ex: increase) is amplified, and is continued to be amplified. for positive feedback you want to reach a certain endpoint

65
Q

Ex: of positive feedback

A

giving birth

66
Q

go through steps of positive feedback of childbirth

A

pg 20

67
Q

voltage-gated sodium current is an example of what feedback

A

positive

68
Q

go through positive feedback of voltage-gated sodium channels

A

pg 21

69
Q

ECF osmolality is roughly

A

300 mOsm/kg H2O

Physiology I (9 decks)

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