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Body Logistics > Homeostasis > Flashcards

Homeostasis Flashcards

1
Q

Define homeostasis

A

Process by which cells, tissues and organisms maintain the status quo/ maintain internal conditions despite changes.

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2
Q

What is a negative feedback loop?

A

Loop where internal conditions are maintain, by returning high or lows levels back to normal.

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3
Q

Give an example of a negative feedback loop?

A

Maintaining blood glucose levels, maintaining body temperature etc.

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4
Q

What is a positive feedback loop?

A

Where the original stimulus is exaggerated/ emphasised.

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5
Q

Give an example of a positive feedback loop?

A

Clotting cascade, Ferguson reflex (baby pushing against cervix)

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6
Q

When does negative feedback loop stop?

A

When the effector ceases.

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7
Q

When does positive feedback loop stop?

A

When the initiator/stimulus ends.

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8
Q

What is the normal range of core body temperature?

A

37 plus/minus 0.5

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9
Q

At what temperature is someone experiencing mild hypothermia?

A

32.1-35

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10
Q

At what temperature is someone experiencing severe hypothermia?

A

28-32

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11
Q

At what temperature is someone experiencing a fever?

A

38-40

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12
Q

At what temperature is someone experiencing a heat stroke/heat exhaustion?

A

40

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13
Q

What does the body do when you are too hot?

A

Vasodilation, sweating, pilorelaxation, stretching our

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14
Q

What does the body do when you are too cold?

A

Vasoconstriction, shivering, piloerection, curling up

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15
Q

What is the normal ph range for the human body?

A

7.35-7.45

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16
Q

What are the major organs for maintaining acid base balance?

A

Lungs-respiratory balance and kidneys-metabolic balance

17
Q

What is the sensor for temperature in the thermoregulatory system?

A

Nerve cells in the skin and brain

18
Q

What is the control centre in the thermoregulatory system?

A

Hypothalamus

19
Q

Name the buffering systems in the human body?

A

Carbonic acid, sodium phosphate buffering system.

20
Q

How much water is in a 70kg man?

A

70 x 0.6= 42kg

21
Q

How much water is in females?

A

50% water in normal females- more fat

22
Q

How much water is in an infant?

A

70% - little fat

23
Q

What is osmolality?

A

Concentration of a solution expressed as the total number of solute particles per kilogram.

24
Q

Define isotonic?

A

Same water potential on both sides of the plasma membrane

25
Q

Define hypotonic?

A

Higher water potential outside the cell

26
Q

Define hypertonic?

A

Lower water potential outside the cell.

27
Q

What happens if there is not enough water?

A

Cells absorb water from interstitial space, then from one another, tissues die, then organs begin to die (end stage organ failure).

28
Q

What happens if there is too much water?

A

Osmotic pressure high, cells swell, enzyme and protein stop working and cells swell until they burst.

29
Q

What is oedema?

A

Fluid retention, peripheral oedema- swollen ankles

30
Q

What is hydrostatic pressure?

A

Force exerted by the fluid on the vessel wall.

31
Q

What is osmotic pressure?

A

Force applied by the solute/colloid to prevent osmotic movement across the membrane

32
Q

What causes oedema?

A

Hydrostatic pressure is greater than osmotic pressure, lymph blocked or damaged, presence of plasma proteins in interstitial space.

33
Q

Where do body fluids accumulate?

A

28kg -intracellular water
14kg -extracellular water (11kg- interstitial water and 3kg plasma)

34
Q

What is a standard mans circulating blood volume?

A

3litres plasma + 2litres red blood cells = 5 litres

35
Q

What is the condition where pH is too low?

A

Acidosis

36
Q

What are symptoms of acidosis?

A

Seizures, headaches, shortness of breath, high HR, vomiting, coma

37
Q

What is the condition where pH levels are too high?

A

Alkalosis

38
Q

What are the two main causes of acidosis?

A

Metabolic acidosis (increased production of metabolic acids)
Respiratory acidosis (build up of carbon dioxide due to hypo ventilation)

Body Logistics (2 decks)

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