Homeostasis

Question 1

What is the neuron?

Answer 1

Neuron: functional unit of the nervous system and passes signals between parts of the nervous system

Question 2

What are the three kinds of neurons?

Answer 2

Inter, Sensory and Motor Neurons

Question 3

Neuron structure ( cell body )

Answer 3

Cell body: contains nucleus and most organelles and is responsible for synthesizing carbs/lipids/proteins for neuron needs

Question 4

What is an electrical impulse?

Answer 4

Electrical impulse: travels down the axon towards another neutron (ONE WAY SIGNAL)

Question 5

What is a myelin sheath (neuron insulator)?

hint: lipid

Answer 5

Myelin sheath: lipid wrapping around the cell that allows electrical impulses to travel faster

Question 6

What are glial cells?

Answer 6

Glial cells: non-conducting cells responsible for structural support and the metabolism of neurons

Question 7

What is Afferent? Efferent?

Answer 7

Afferent: bring toward
Efferent: bring outward

Question 8

Where are the interneurons/association neurons located? What are some of their functions?

Answer 8

• Located in the brain and spinal cord
• Integrate and intercept sensory stimuli
• Connect afferent/efferent neurons

Question 9

What are the categories of the nervous system?

Answer 9

Nervous system

• Central nervous system
• Peripheral nervous system
• Somatic (voluntary, controls the muscles)
• Autonomic (involuntary, controls heart and digestive tract)
• Sympathetic: prepares the body for action (fight or flight) - Parasympathetic: prepares the body for relaxation (conservation of energy)

Question 10

What is the Reflex Arc?

hint: reflex action responding to a stimulus

Answer 10

Reflex Arc: simple connection of neurons resulting in a reflex action in response to a stimulus

Question 11

What are the four lobes of the brain?

Answer 11

Frontal, Temporal, Parietal and Occipital lobe

Question 12

What does the frontal lobe do?

Answer 12

Frontal lobe: motor areas control the movement of voluntary responses (walking)

Question 13

What does the temporal, parietal, and occipital lobe do?

Answer 13

Temporal lobe: sensory areas are associated with vision and hearing
Parietal lobe: sensory areas are associated with touch and temperature awareness
Occipital lobe: sensory areas are associated with vision

Question 14

How are association areas linked with each lobe?

Answer 14

Frontal lobe: association areas are linked to intellectual activities and personality
Temporal lobe: association areas are linked to memory and interpreting sensory information
Parietal lobe: association areas are linked to emotions and interpreting speech
Occipital lobe: association areas interpret visual information

Question 15

When is the action potential created?

Answer 15

Action Potential - created when an electrical impulse is conducted, resulting in a temporary change in potential

Question 16

When is the resting potential created?

Answer 16

Resting potential - created by actively pumping Na+ and K+ across the membrane

Question 17

When is the threshold potential reached?

Answer 17

Threshold potential - reached via stimulus or from another neuron passing an electrical impulse

Question 18

What are the 2 types of cell communication?

Answer 18

Chemical and Electrical

Question 19

When does the stimulus cause an impulse?

Answer 19

A stimulus causes an impulse IF the threshold potential is met (“all or none”)

Question 20

What is the conduction of an electrical signal?

hint: depolarization, action potential and repolarazation

Answer 20

1. Depolarization: K+ gates open resulting in K+ flooding into the cell
2. Action potential reaches the peak, Na+ channels close and K+ channels open (K+ flows out)
3. Repolarization: K+ gates close, allowing cell time to stabilize back to resting potential actively pumping Na+ and K+

Question 21

What does hyperpolarization help with?

Answer 21

Hyperpolarization helps with directionality

Question 22

What is a synapse?

Answer 22

Synapse: area where two nervous system cells communicate

Question 23

What are the three types o synapse?

Answer 23

neuron-neuron, neuron-effector, sensor-neuron

Question 24

What is the conduction of chemical synapse (signal)

hint: release of calcium, vesicles carrying, neurotransmitters travel

Answer 24

1. Release of calcium inside the cell allows triggering of fusing protein
2. Vesicles carrying neurotransmitters fuse with synaptic membrane, releasing the neurotransmitters into the synapse
3. Neurotransmitters travel across the cleft to bind to receptors