Homeostasis

Question 1

Name the 5 steps of the RAAS system

Answer 1

1) BP drops, kidneys release renin into the bloodstream
2) Renin splits Angiotensin (a large protein that circulates in the bloodstream) and one piece is Angiotensin 1
3) Circulating ACE splits Angiotensin 1 (relatively inactive) and one piece is Angiotensin 2
4) Angiotensin 2 causes arterial vasoconstriction, BP ^
5) Angiotensin 2 also causes the release of Aldosterone from adrenals (see other card about this step)

Question 2

Apart from causing vasoconstriction, what else does Angiotensin 2 do to ^BP?

Answer 2

1) causes release of Aldosterone from the adrenals (hats on kidneys)
2) causes release of Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) or “Vasopressin” from pituitary gland

Aldosterone and ADH cause kidneys to retain SODIUM therefore water and blood volume ^
*** also causes potassium to be excreted

Question 3

Normal chloride?

Answer 3

98-107 mEq/L and mmol/L
(Hot tub is 36 deg C or hotter!)

Question 4

Normal potassium?

Answer 4

3.5-5 mEq/L and mmol/L
(Bunch of bananas)

Question 5

Normal sodium?

Answer 5

135-145 mEq/L and mmol/L

Question 6

Normal BUN?

Answer 6

10-20 mEq/L and 3.6-7.1 mmol/L

Question 7

Normal prothrombin time?

Answer 7

11-12.5 seconds

Question 8

Normal serum creatinine? Male and female

Answer 8

Male 0.6-1-2 mg/dL & 53-106 mcmol/L
Female 0.5-1.1 mg/dL & 44-97 mcmol/L