Blood Transfusions Flashcards
S&S of hyperkalemia
Weakness
Parasthesia
Abdominal cramps
Diarrhoea
Dysthymia’s
S&S septicaemia (blood contamination with microorganisms)
Chills
Fever
Vomiting
Diarrhoea
Hypotension
Shock
S&S circulatory overload
Cough
Dyspnea
CCP
Wheezing on auscultation
Tachycardia & bounding pulse
Hypertension
Headache
Distended neck veins
S&S delayed transfusion reaction
Occurs days to years afterwards
Fever
Mild jaundice
Decreased hematocrit level
What is hct and normal ranges (men and women)?
Percentage of RBC’s in blood
Women) 36-44%
Men) 41-50%
Why do you use normal saline instead of dextrose when administering blood?
It doesn’t cause the blood to clump
Why do you need an air vent in an IV line?
If the solution is contained in glass
Do you give blood with micro or macro drip?
Macro
What are granulocytes and what are they given for?
WBC’s
To help fight infection or sepsis
for neutropenia
When clients are unresponsive to antibiotic therapy
What are platelets given for?
Treat thrombocytopenia and platelet dysfunction
What is fresh frozen plasma given for?
Volume expansion
Fluid and blood loss (trauma)
- it’s rich in clotting factors and can be thawed and transfused quickly
What can cause cardiac dysrhythmias when administering a lot of blood?
Cold blood- find a warmer and administer free flowing (as infusion devices slow/ control the rate)
What is a haemolytic transfusion reaction and it’s signs/symptoms?
Caused by blood type or Rhesus incompatibility. When blood containing antigens different from the clients antigens is infused, antigen/antibody complexes are formed in the clients blood. These destroy the transfused cells and start inflammation causing fever, chills, DIC, or circulatory collapse.
- headache
- tachycardia
- apprehension
- sense of impending doom
- chest pain
- low back pain
- tachypnea
- hypotension
- hemoglobinuria
