Homeostasis Flashcards

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1
Q

Definition of homeostasis

A

The ability of the body to maintain internal equilibrium despite fluctuations in the external environment

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2
Q

Differences between glycogenesis, glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis

A

Glycogenesis- formation of glycogen
Glycogenolysis- glycogen into glucose
Gluconeogenesis - lipids and amino acids into glucose

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3
Q

Function of the liver in blood glucose regulation

A
  • stores glycogen (glycogenesis)
  • used by liver cells for liver function
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4
Q

What happens to glucose in the bloodstream

A
  • circulates in the blood (maintain blood glucose levels)
  • used by cells for energy
  • muscle glycogen stores (glycogenesis)
  • converted to fat for storage
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5
Q

Feedback loop for low blood sugar (hypoglycaemia)

A

Stimulus - low blood sugar
Receptor- alpha cells-islets of langerhans
Modulator- islets of langerhans
Effector- alpha cells, adrenal medulla, liver & muscles
Response- cortisol, adrenaline and glucagon released. Glycogenolysis & gluconeogenesis occur. Blood sugar is increased

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6
Q

Feedback loop for high blood sugar (hyperglycaemia)

A

Stimulus- high BS
Receptor- beta cells-islets of langerhans
Modulator- beta cells
Erector- beta cells, liver, muscles
Response- ⬆️ glucose uptake into liver, muscle and adipose cells by making their membranes more permiable to glucose. Transport proteins increase glucose uptake. Activates glycogen making enzymes & glycogenesis

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7
Q

What is metabolic rate

A

The rate of energy released into the body by breaking down food

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