Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharm 154* > Home Health Care > Flashcards

Home Health Care Flashcards

1
Q

What are some signs of sleep apnea?

A

Lack of energy in the morning

Snoring

Nightmares

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is sleep apnea?

A

It is a serious sleep disorder in which breathing repeatedly stops and starts. Disruptions to sleep occur due to tissue relaxation in the airways. The relaxed tissues can block the airways. This can happen multiple times a night

If the patient snores loudly and feel tired even after a full night’s sleep, they may have sleep apnea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Are OTC products for sleep apnea useful?

A

NO, they are all ineffective, get CPAP or surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How do CPAP machines work?

A

They deliver a flow of air down the airways to prevent relaxed tissues from dropping and blocking the airways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How do varicose veins develop?

A

It is caused by the failure of the valves in their veins of the lower limbs. This results in pooling of blood in the veins. This causes the bulbosity on the legs of usually older women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How do graduated compression socks work?

A

They have higher compression at the ankle and pressure decreases on a gradient as you move up the leg. This pressure gradient promotes blood in the vein to flow up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What level in compression socks can be dispensed without an MDs prescription?

A

Under 20mmHg

Need an MD to write a prescription for compression socks that deliver pressures greater than 20mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are some symptoms that need higher pressures?

A

20-30mmHg: Patient has tired, aching legs. They may have mild varicose veins

30-40mmHg: Can control edema and has more severe varicose veins

40-60mmHg: Patient has got some serious issues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Are OTC products for varicose veins particularly effective?

A

No, they all offer low efficacy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What patient profiles benefit from flight compression socks?

A

Flights that are over 6h and have at least 1 CV risk factor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Is there a push in the healthcare system towards institutional care (receiving more care in the hospital)?

A

No, institutional care is getting more expensive every year. The healthcare system is trying to increase the amount of care delivered in the home

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the sizing guideline for canes?

A

The cane’s handle should be level with the wrist. This alignment allows proper fitting, something that reduces strain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the sizing guidelines for crutches?

A

Leave a gap (two fingers) between armpit and the under arm support on crutches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a pharmacist’s role in urinary incontinence?

A

We are not the experts in these field, but we should be able to provide some advice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Is urinary incontinence common?

A

Yes, almost 3.3 million people have incontinence

Many older adults are transitioned into care homes once they develop incontinence

More common in women vs. men

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the types of urinary incontinence?

A

Stress incontinence (accounts for 50% of urinary incontinence cases)

Urge incontinence (overactive)

Overflow incontinence (urinary retention)

Drug-induced urinary incontinence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What can cause stress incontinence?

A

Coughing, sneezing, laughing, and lifting can all result in the leakage of urine

The urine leaks due to bladder weakness or increase in abdominal pressure

18
Q

What are some factors that can worsen stress incontinence?

A

Pregnancy

Menopause

19
Q

What can be done to improve the patient’s quality of life in relation to stress incontinence?

A

Pelvic floor muscle exercises (Kegel) can be performed to improve control over urination

Intra-vaginal devices and surgical options can also be used to improve control over urination (review slides 41-43)

20
Q

Review slide 44 for the theraputics benefits of Poise bladder supports

A

.

21
Q

Hong long can Impressa supports be used for?

A

Up to 12h everyday

Impressa should not be used during the patient’s period

22
Q

What are some risk factors for stress incontinence in men?

A

Post-prostate surgery

23
Q

What can cause an a premature high volume release of urine?

A

The detrusor muscle will contract before the bladder is full (large amounts of urine are released uncontrollably)

24
Q

What are some risk factors of urge incontinence?

A

No definite cause is found in most cases

UTI (likely)

25
Q

How can non-pharmacological agents help with urge incontinence?

A

Bladder training/ Kegel

26
Q

What is overflow incontinence (urinary retention)?

A

The bladder is always full, the urine has a hard time escaping the bladder

Affects men over women

27
Q

What can cause overflow incontinice (urinary retention)?

A

Prostatic enlargement

Diabetic neuropathy

28
Q

What agents are used in overflow incontinence?

A

The following 2 drugs are more effective at reducing bladder constriction:

Tamsulosin

Finasteride

Surgical procedure (prostate reduction)

29
Q

How does finasteride help in overflow in reducing urinary retention?

A

Finasteride is a 5a reductase enzyme inhibitor, this prevents the conversion of Testosterone into DHT, a product that is responsible with BPH and hair loss in men

30
Q

How does tamsulosin work in reducing urinary retention?

A

It is an alpha adrenergic antagonist and it prevents the stimulation of alpha receptors

31
Q

What are some drug interactions with urinary incontinence drugs?

A

Benadryl (first gen antihistamines, and has anti-cholinergic activity)

Amytriptyline (also has anti-cholinergic activity)

32
Q

What is the effects of anti-cholinergic drugs in patients with incontinence?

A

In overactive bladder, anti-cholinergic effects reduce contraction of bladder smooth muscle (prevents spasms that would otherwise drain the bladder uncontrollably)

In overflow incontinence, anti-cholinergic effects reduce contraction of bladder smooth muscle. Preventing a full bladder from emptying due to the suppression of muscle action

33
Q

What is the state of incontinence pads today?

A

They are fairly low profile, but retain enough absorbability for an entire release of urine

34
Q

What is a stoma in relation to ostomy care?

A

A surgery where the large intestine is dissected and its end is put through the abdominal wall

There are two types of ostomies:
Colostomy (these patient have lost some large intestine function, so the dissection is more distal)

Illeostomy (these patient have lost all function in the large intestine and it is bypassed via a stoma through the abdominal wall)

35
Q

Review slide 71 for a detailed description of how ostomy bags work

A
36
Q

Is cool or warm air better for allergy symptoms?

A

It doesn’t matter, the device delivering warm water is more antibacterial because the heat kills off pathogens

37
Q

When is heat for an injury preferred?

A

Chronic injuries (Back Pain, Muscle Aches, Old injuries, muscle spasms)

38
Q

When is an ice pack better for injuries?

A

Acute injuries (Tendonitis, Plantar fasciitis, fresh injuries, sprains, strains)

39
Q

What is better for injury recovery, rest or movement?

A

Movement is preferred in injury recovery

Rest was the traditional recommendation, but there are growing calls against this advice

40
Q

Should ice be applied to injuries?

A

Not official, but it seems like applying ice may disrupt pro-healing inflammatory processes

Pharm 154* (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions