HOM 1-27 Flashcards

1
Q

The book starts by comparing humans and animals and the birth rates between the two. What did the book say about birth rates? What was the average life expectancy of men? Women?

A

animal birth rate- loses 80% of children

human birth rate- raises 70-80% of children

Men life expectancy- 35 Years

Woman life expectancy- 30 Years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What other interesting adaptations did early man have that animals did not?

A

Humans could live past their reproductive years, allowing them to explore and be with family more

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How did most nomadic humans die? Why did women die sooner than men?

A

died due to fights, climate

woman died sooner- stress of pregnancy and shifting camps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Why did settling down shorten lifespan?

A

less nourishing diet, diseases caused more harsh impacts, increased trade, human waste build up, mosquitoes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Give three examples of why life expectancy (how long the person lives) increased, and three reasons life expectancy decreased.

A

Increased- Easier to care for Sick,
Immunity to common infections, more food

Decreased- increased trade, permanent housing, human waste buildup

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The textbook talks about some diseases early man came in contact with. Pick three
diseases you want to research and use the internet to describe those three diseases. You only need a
sentence about each disease.

A

Bacterial infections- Increases in the number of bad bacteria in the body, they are bad since they give off by products that are poisonous to our body

Rabies- A deadly virus spread to people from the saliva of infected animals, causes brain disease/ death

Gangrene- tissue dies from lack of blood supply

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Explain Trepanation. What did it treat? Where was it carried out?

A

a prehistoric medical procedure where a hole is cut into the skull

helps skull fractures, headaches, epilepsy, and mental illnesses

happened in Neolithic Gaul, Bohemia, North Africa, Asia, Tahiti, New Zealand, and South America

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is papyrus? Why was it used?

A

A plant, it was abundant so it was cheap to use and easy to write on.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Explain the differences between the three branches of Egyptian medicine. (Physicians, Surgeons, Sorcerers/exorcists)

A

Physicians – attempted cures by means of internal and external remedies. Lettuce, onions, alum, hippo fat, human excreta. Physicians specialized on specific areas of the body.

Surgeons – primarily treated external wounds and injuries.
They never opened the
abdomen. They focused on skin and surface operations like, circumcisions, lancing boils, and cutting out cysts.
They had scalpels, knives, forceps, and probes.

Sorcerers and exorcists- fought evil with incantations and amulets, they fought diseases with positive thoughts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where did the Egyptians believe disease came from?

A

from evil spirits that entered the body through the mouth, nose, ears, or wounds and devoured the victim’s vital substance.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

In what ways was mummification helpful in understanding the body? In what ways was mummification not helpful?

A

helpful- allowed dissecting and studying the body to be more common

not helpful- they thought heart was where intelligence was, didn’t understand the anatomy, due to sloppy handling of organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What was cuneiform? How did it differ from papyrus? How were their beliefs different?

A

Cuneiform is one of the earliest known forms of written expression.

differed-
cuneiform on clay, papyrus on paper

Cuneiform could tell where different diseases came from, found that STDs came from intercourse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The medical profession consisted of sorcerers (ashipu) and physicians (asu). Explain how they differed.

A

Sorcerers (ashipu) employed charms and incantations worked closely with the physicians

physicians (asu) who were primarily involved in primitive first aid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is jaundice?

A

yellow color in skin, eyes, or mucus

comes from breakdown of red blood cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How did physicians wash wounds?

A

Beer and Hot water, also used poultices and bandages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Explain the Hammurabi code (page 15). What were some of the responsibilities of a surgeon?

A

first laws that were obeyed, responsible for outcome of the surgery

17
Q

What happened if a surgeon failed?

A

hand would be cut off, but if someone was poor it would only be a fine

18
Q

How did Hebrew medicine excel in the areas of public health? Give two examples.

A

cleanliness

hand washing after dead bodies, impure substances, and before eating

19
Q

What was done if they thought someone had leprosy or the Plague?

A

quarantined up to 40 days

clothes would be either washed or burned

houses would either be destroyed or disinfected

20
Q

What is leprosy?

A

known as Hansen’s Disease

caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium lepromatosis.

causes Skin Lesions, permanent damage to skin, nerves, limbs, eyes

21
Q

Explain what the word quarantine means and where the word comes from.

A

isolate a group of people or person, due to disease

comes from Italian word quaranta meaning 40

22
Q

Explain what Chinese physicians attempted to restore.

A

Harmony and Balance between
Earth, Wind, Fire, Metal, and Wood

23
Q

What is acupuncture?

A

the insertion of “fire needles” through one of 365-600 possible meridians that allows energy (chi) to flow through

24
Q

What were some interesting items in the Chinese pharmacy, and what did they try to cure?

A

pulverized seahorse- to cure goitre

snake meat- to cure eye ailments

octopus ink mixed with vinegar- for heart disease

elephant skin- for persistent sores

25
Q

What are the two areas of Indian Medicine? Explain both and how religion was intertwined with medicine.

A

Charaka Samhita- composed of medicine, showed importance of diet, hygiene, prevention, and medical education

Sushruta Samhita- composed of surgeries

26
Q

What do wind, bile, phlegm, and blood have in common?

A

They need to be balanced for good health.

They make up the theory of the 4 humours.

27
Q

How did the Indians excel in surgery? Include how new doctors are trained.

A

The Indians were the most extensive and successful surgeons of the ancient world.

They had over 121 different steel instruments.

Trainee doctors had to study extensively and practice surgery on inanimate objects like pickles, leather bags filled with slime.

First to perform nose jobs