HOLY MOLY WE HAVE A TEST Flashcards
Who organized the periodic table?
Dimitri Mendeleev
What are the horizontal rows of the periodic table called?
Periods
What are the columns of the periodic table called and how much are there?
Families, 1-18
How is the periodic table organized?
organized according to physical and chemical properties. Each element contains its atomic number, symbol, ion charge, and average atomic mass
What are elements?
Pure substances that cant be broken down or separated into other substances
How did Dimitri Mendeleev organize them
wrote them on separate cards including density, colour, melting and boiling point
What is the Atomic Number?
Number or protons in the nucleus, always a whole number
What is the atomic mass?
Average mass of the elements atom, always a decimal, increases with atomic number
What is the Ion Charge?
electric charge when an atom gains/loses electrons
What is an ion?
an electrically charge atom
Left side of the table
usually positive
Right side of the table
Usually negative
Elements in same column form ion with elements that have the same charge?
Yes
what types of elements are on the left and middle of the table?
Metals
What type of elements are in the upper right corner?
Non-Metals
What type of elements are form a staircase leading towards the lower right corner?
Metalloids
What do chemical families have in common?
They have similar chemical properties
Tell me About Alkali Metals?
First group, highly reactive, react with oxygen and water, low melting points, soft
Tell me about Alkaline Earth Metals
Group 2, very reactive but less than alkali metals, react with water, produce bright flames (fireworks), will burn air if heated
Tell me about Halogens
Group 17, non-metals, highly reactive, fluorine and chlorine are gases at room temp, iodine is solid at room temp, bromine is liquid at room temp
Tell me about noble gases
Used in lights, at room temp they’re colourless and odourless, most stable and unreactive, some glow
How do you find the amount of neutrons in an atom
atomic mass - atomic number #
Who do metalloids share the same properties with?
metals and non metals
Tell me about Metals
solid, shiny, good conductors of heat and electricity, malleable, ductile
Tell me about Non-Metals
not very shiny, some are gases, some are solids, only bromine is liquid, suck at conducting heat and electricity, brittle, non ductile
Tell me about metalloids
solids, can be shiny or dull, sometimes conducts electricity, doesn’t conduct heat, brittle, non ductile
What are the smallest part of an element
Atom
Where are atoms?
Everythwere
How many tyoes of atoms make up an element
One
What is an ion?
electrically charged atom either lost or gained electrons
Why are noble gas elements stable?
filled valence shells, usually dont loose/gain electrons
What does chemistry concern?
all things concerning matter, studies changes in matter
WHat is matteR?
anything that takes up space, anything with mass and volume, amount of matter in an object
What does matter have?
Atoms and molecules
What is volume?
The amount of space taken up by an object
What kinds of properties were listed above?
quantatative
does weight = mass?
weight does not equal mass because weight is determined by gravity. You will still contain the same amount of matter anywhere
What are the two types of change?
chemical and physical
Tell me about chemical change
is when a substance changes into a new substance, usually very hard to reverse
Tell me about physical change
When a substance changes but doesn’t make a new thing. easy to change back and forth
How do you identify chemical changes?
colour change, small (sulfur), new mater created (wood- ash - smoke), creating gas (smell), heat/ light (blew up)
How do you identify physical changes?
colour change (painting), melting (candle wax), matter is the same but state changes (ice), shape change (broken coffee cup)
What are the three different states?
solid: definite shape, volume, takes up specific amount of space; liquid: definite volume, takes space of container; gas: no shape, no volume, determined my container
Tell me about particle theory
ALL matter has particles, different substances + different particles, theres always ALWAYS space between particles, CONSTANTLY moving, particles are ATTRACTED to one another
Tell me about solids
tightly packed, vibrating against eachother
Tell me about liquids
moving past one another
Tell me about gases
moving freely, far apart
Tell me about KMT
more kinetic movement = more heat
How does KMT relate to state change?
more particles moving + more heat = the change of state; water boiling = water particles moving faster and faster, they keep moving faster until they become steam
What is solidification?
when something freezes, freezing point
What is melting point?
sol - li
What is boiling point?
liq - gas
What is sublimation
solid turning into a gas (dry ice)
What is deposition?
gas turning into solid (water vapour to ice)
What are qualitatitive ways to describe matter?
colour, state, malleability (how much you can spread it out), ductility (how much you can make it stretch), crystallinity, magnetism
what are some quantitative ways to describe matter?
solubility (how much of it is going to dissolve it water (x grams is giong to dissolve in x amount of water), conductivity, viscosity (how much time it takes to pour something), density, melting and boiling point
What are pure substances?
substancs that cannot be broken down or seperated into other substances
What are compounds?
substances made of two or more elements whose particles are combined
