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History Y10 > Holocaust > Flashcards

Holocaust Flashcards

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1
Q

What did nazis believe citizenship

A

That only Germans could be citizens and non-Germans did not have any right to the rights of citizenship

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2
Q

What was the nazi racial philosophy

A

It taught that some races were untermensh (sub-human). Many nazi scientists at this time believed that people with disabilities or social problems were genetic degenerates whose genes needed to be eliminated from the human bloodline

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3
Q

To eliminate these genetic generates what did nazis do

A

Tried to eliminate Jews
Killed 85% per cent of Germany’s gypsies
Sterilised people of colour
Killed mental,y disabled people
Killed mentally ill patients
Sterilised physically disabled people and people with hereditary diseases
Sterilised deaf people.
Put prostitutes, Jehovah’s witnesses, alcoholics, pacifists, homeless, hooligans and criminals(whoever they regarded as anti-social) were put into concentration camps

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4
Q

Key events of 1933

A
  • One day Boycott of Jewish people
  • Jewish civil servants, layers and teachers sacked
  • Race science lessons to teach that Jews are untermensch
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5
Q

Key events of 1935

A
  • ‘Jew not wanted here’ signs put up at public places, e.g. swimming pools, cinemas…
  • Nuremberg laws ( 15 September ) , Jews could not be citizens.They were not allowed to vote or marry a German. They had no rights or freedom.
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6
Q

Key events of 1938

A
  • Jews could not be doctors
  • Jews had to add the name Isreal (man) and Sarah (woman) to their name
    -Jewish children were forbidden to go to school
  • Kris tallnacht (9 November) there were attacks on Jewish homes, businesses and synagogues (Jewish church)
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7
Q

Key events of 1939

A
  • Jews were forbidden to own a business or own a radio
  • Jews were forced to live in ghettos
  • Jew were forced to emigrate from Germany
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8
Q

Key events of 1941

A
  • Army Einsatzgruppun squads in Russia started mass-shootings of Jews
  • All Jews were forced to wear a yellow Star of David
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9
Q

Key events of 1942

A
  • Wannsee Conference ( 20th January) decided on the final solution, which was to gas all Europe’s Jews. The main camps were at Auschwitz, Treblinka and sobibor. This became known as the Holocaust ( complete destruction by fire)
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10
Q

What is Anti Semitism

A

This is the terms given to political social and economic agitation against Jews.In simple terms it means ‘hatred of Jews’.

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11
Q

What is Aryan race

A

This was the name of what Hitler believed was the perfect race. Those were people with full German blood, blonde hair and blue eyes.

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12
Q

Was Anti Semitism new to Europe?

A

It was not new,for hundreds of years Christian Europe had regarded the Jews of the Christ killers at one time or another Jews have been driven out of almost every European country. The way they were treated in England in the 13th century of is a typical example.

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13
Q

What were examples of 13th century persecution of Jews?

A

-In 1275, they were made to wear a yellow badge
-in 1287, 269 Jews were hand in the Tower of London

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14
Q

What was the prejudice against Jews like in the 20th century?

A

The prejudice against Jews in the 20th century was strong, especially in Germany, Poland and Eastern Europe where the Jewish population was very large.

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15
Q

In what way did prejudice grow after the first world war?

A

Jews were blamed for the defeat in war.
In the economic depression that followed many Germans were poor and an employed and blamed the Jews with whom were rich and successful.

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16
Q

What is a scapegoat

A

A scapegoat is someone you blame for everything wrong in your life.

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17
Q

Between _____ and_____ , ___________________ Jews were murdered

A

A=1939
B=1945
C= 6 million

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18
Q

Who else along side Jews were murdered?

A

Gypsies
Jehovah’s witnesses
disabled
mentally ill

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19
Q

Name examples of the cruelties of concentration camps

A

People would have been
-beaten
- starved
-worked to death

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20
Q

What are death camps

A

included gas chamber where people wear gassed to death

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21
Q

What are some examples of concentration camps

A
  • Gross Rosen
    -Dachau
    -Fiossenburg
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22
Q

What are examples of example of death camps

A
  • Auschiwitz
    -Treblinka
    -Sobibor
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23
Q

What is the difference between concentration camps and death camps?

A

In death camps comes the only intention was death through gas chambers whereas concentration camps did not have gas chambers but people would have died from being over worked, starved or worked to death

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24
Q

What was the final German solution to the Jewish problem?

A

At the Wannnsee conference in January 1942 genocide, complete destruction of all Jews, was agreed

25
Q

What happened after death camps like Auschwitz were built?

A

Jewish people were moved from ghettos all over Europe in cattle trucks to their final destination.

26
Q

What were the conditions like in the cattle trucks?

A

Inside each truck was inhuman conditions. There was mass overcrowding (50-60 to a car), no light, little or no food, no cleaning facilities and toilets consisted of a bucket. If it was hot people died of dehydration. The cattle trucks smelt of urine and animals.

27
Q

What was the slogan on the gate of every death camp?

A

‘Work sets you free’

28
Q

What would happen when the prisoners arrived?

A

They would be stripped of their clothes, given prisoner uniform, their hair would be shaved and a number would be tattooed on their wrist. The tattled number would replace the prisoner’s name whilst they were at the camp

29
Q

What was a morning like at a death camp?

A

Before dawn prisoners were roused from their dirty overcrowded beds for roll call. If beds were not made properly, punishments would follow. Dressed in rags, inmates could stand for up to 4 hours in the rain and snow. Some of the weaker inmates collapsed and died during roll call.

30
Q

What was one of the better jobs in death camps and what did you do in it

A

It was called Kanada, where you sorted out prisoners possessions.

31
Q

What did other jobs involved?

A

Other jobs involved being worked to death carrying segment bags or gathering the dead.

32
Q

How long did the working day last for?

A

11-12 hours

33
Q

What punishments were there?

A
  • Beatings
  • All night roll calls
  • Standing cells
34
Q

What is a standing cell?

A

A standing cell is a special cell constructed so as prevent prisoners from doing anything but stand

35
Q

What happened after morning roll call

A

After roll call breakfast rations were handed out. They were barely enough to keep people alive. After breakfast there was another roll call where people were organised into working groups.

36
Q

How long was the working day

A

It lasted 11-12 hours before inmates were escorted back to camp for evening roll call

37
Q

How many gas chambers were there

A

5 large gas chambers and crematoria

38
Q

What gas did the chambers use

A

Zyklon B(crystallised Prussic acid

39
Q

Where did the construction of gas chambers and crematoria begin

A

Birkenau 1942

40
Q

From what dates were gas chambers in use

A

Between March 22 1942 and June 25/26 1943

41
Q

Where we gas chambers at crematoria 2 and 3

A

Like the undressing rooms they were located underground

42
Q

Where were the gas chambers at crematoria 4 and 5

A

Ground level

43
Q

How many people could be put to death at one time in a gas chamber

A

About 2 thousand

44
Q

What calculations did zentralbauleitung make

A

That on June 28th 1943 the crematoria could burn 4416 corpses a day. This meant that the crematoria could burn over 1.6 million corpses a year.

45
Q

What did prisoners assigned to burning state

A

That the daily capacity of the five crematoria in birkenau was around 8 thousand corpses a day

46
Q

How long did it take to kill people in a gas chamber and how did the nazis know they were day

A

It took 3-15minutes depending on climatic conditions. They knew they were dead because the screaming stopped.

47
Q

How long I did they wait after gassing

A

Usually Half-an-hour before they opened the doors and removed the bodies

48
Q

What happened after bodies were removed from the gas chambers

A

Special commandos (sonderkommandos-made up of partially trusted prisoners)took off the rings and extracted gold teeth of the corpses. The bodies were then burnt

49
Q

How many people died in Auschwitz alone

A

Over a million people

50
Q

What did the allies do after the war

A

Set up the Nuremberg trials to prosecute the war criminals involved in the holocaust

51
Q

Dachau

A

-set up on the 22nd March 1933
-40,000 prisoners died at dachau
- April 29th 1945 American forces liberated the camp
-was a concentration camp (no gas chambers)
-Nazis believed it to be orderly and efficient and it became the model for most concentration camps
-inhuman experiments were preformed here

52
Q

Who was Joseph mengele

A

Ss physician Joseph mengele conducted in inhuman and often deadly medical experiments on prisoners at Auschwitz. He became the most notorious of the Nazi doctors who conducted experiments at the camp mengele was nick named the angel of death. He is often remembered for his presence on the selection ramp at Auschwitz

53
Q

How did mengele justify his acts

A

With the nazi racial theory

54
Q

What happened people who were subject to mengele experiments

A

At Auschwitz most people died as result of the procedures. sometimes death was the intended outcome

55
Q

What happened mengele after the war

A

He escaped to South America and evaded justice for for his crimes. He died in Brazil in 1979

56
Q

When were the Nuremberg trials

A

20th November 1945 to the 1st of October 1946

57
Q

Who set up the nurse,burg trials

A

Four major allied powers-France,soviet union,uk and USA

58
Q

What were the 3 charges against the Nazis

A

-crimes against peace
-crimes against humanity
-war crimes

59
Q

Who were two men on trial

A

Rudolf Hess
Albert Speer

History Y10 (4 decks)

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