Holderness Coastline

Question 1

Consider the possible impacts of sea level rise on coastal processes and landfroms along the Holderness coast?

Answer 1

Increased erosion.
Increased stormy conditions - causing more erosion.
More erosion means land retreats - causing bays and headlands.
Erosional processes eg abrasion and hydraulic action increase meaning more sediment.

Question 2

Arguments for protecting Holderness coastline?

Answer 2

Causes problems for farmers, caravan sites and rural coastline settlements.

Question 3

Arguments against protecting Holdernes coastline?

Answer 3

Artificially protecting the coastline means it can’t adapt to the system, only put in place to protect housing.

Question 4

Is management along the Holderness coastline sustainable?

Answer 4

No.
Considerable amount of hard engineering causing headlands to be made.
Causing wave refraction around coastline increasing erosion elsewhere.

Question 5

How is there conflict around the Holderness Coastline?

Answer 5

Other areas of the coastline apart from the areas indicated do not have any coastal management.
Causing problems for arable farmers, caravan sites and rural coastal settlements.

Question 6

What direction is the longshore drift along the Holderness coastline?

Answer 6

Dominant LSD from north to south.

Question 7

In regards of sediment cells, where is the Holderness coastline located?

Answer 7

It forms a subcell in sediment cell 2 and essentially comprises 3 distinct coastal units.

Question 8

Why are beaches classed as stores?

Answer 8

As they hold sediment.

Question 9

Name the places where ‘Hold the Line’ is apparent.

Answer 9

Bridlington.
Hornsea.
Withernsea.

Question 10

What protection is in place at Easington?

Answer 10

Sea wall.

Power station.

Question 11

What coastal management is at spurn head?

Answer 11

Groynes and sea wall.

They were used in the past but now have been abandoned as spit is in wrong position.

Question 12

What is wrong with boulder clay?

Answer 12

Soft rock so easily eroded by the sea and sub-aerial processes.

Question 13

Name 3 features at Flambourgh Head.

Answer 13

Chalk.
Caves.
Stack.

Question 14

Name 3 processes at Flambourgh Head.

Answer 14

Abrasion.
Hydraulic action.
Sub-aerial freeze thaw weathering.

Question 15

Name 3 key issues at Flambourgh Head.

Answer 15

Rock falls.
Tourist accidents.
Ships hitting rocks.

Question 16

Name 3 features at Bridlington.

Answer 16

Boulder clay.
Bay.
Constructive/destructive waves.

Question 17

Name 3 processes at Bridlington.

Answer 17

Coastal retreat.
Slumping.
Rotational slip

Question 18

Name 3 key issues at Bridlington.

Answer 18

Rapid cliff erosion.
Loss of farm land.
Transport disruption.

Question 19

Name 3 features at Spurn Head.

Answer 19

Spit.
Recurved head.
Nature reserve.

Question 20

Name 3 processes at Spurn Head.

Answer 20

Deposition.
River/sea current convergence.
Spit extension.

Question 21

Name 3 key issues at Spurn Head.

Answer 21

Full erosion of spit neck.
Isolation of spit head.
Dredging humber estuary.

Question 22

Dominant process at Flambourgh Head?

Answer 22

Erosion.

Question 23

Dominant process at Bridlington?

Answer 23

Erosion.

LSD.

Question 24

Dominant process at Spurn Head?

Answer 24

Deposition.

LSD.

Question 25

At Holderness what is the average annual rate of erosion?

Answer 25

2m per year.

Question 26

What is the main reason for the erosion at Holderness?

Answer 26

Bedrock made up of glacial till - deposited here by glaciers 12,000 years ago.

Question 27

What was the name of the ice sheet at Holderness 12,000 years ago?

Answer 27

Devensian ice sheet.

Question 28

Name the 6 places affected along the Holderness?

Answer 28

Flamborough Head.
Mappleton.
Aldbrough.
Withernsea,
Kilnsea.
Spurn Hea.