Holderness coast. Flashcards
How much does a sea wall cost?
£10 million per km
Where were sea walls built?
Mappleton and Bridlington
What’s good about sea walls?
Stops erosion and flooding
Creates easy access to the beach
Long term
What’s bad about sea walls?
Very expensive
High maintenance costs
What is marsh creation a form of?
Managed retreat
How much does marsh creation cost?
£5-£10 thousand per hectare
What’s good about marsh creation?
Creates habitats
Blends in with the surrounding environment
What’s bad about marsh creation?
Does not stop erosion, only slows it
Takes up a lot of land
How much does rock armour cost?
£1000-£4000 per metre
Where was rock armour used on the Holderness Coast?
Mappleton
Bridlington
Hornsea
What’s good about rock armour?
Used for fishing and a sitting place
Stops erosion because the energy has been removed from the waves due to the huge rocks and gaps in between them
Long term
What’s bad about rock armour?
Doesn’t fit in with the area
High transportation costs from Scandinavia
Rocks can be moved in a storm
What’s good about beach nourishment?
Blends in with the beach
Increases tourist potential
Where was beach nourishment used on the Holderness Coast?
Hornsea
What’s bad about beach nourishment?
Sand is eroded away easily
Short term solution
Has to be topped up often
Where is the Holderness Coastline situated?
North East coast of England in Yorkshire
What is significant about the Holderness Coastline?
Fastest eroding coastline in Europe
What is the average amount of erosion per year?
How many tonnes?
How many metres?
2 million tonnes
2 metres
What is the coastline made of?
Glacial till, soft boulder clay that is easily eroded
What is the problem with boulder clay?
Glacial till (boulder clay) is very soft and easily eroded, a fine sediment that is easily transported by longshore drift so there is little beach-lack of protection from high energy waves
What is the problem with narrow beaches?
2 reasons
Barely any beach to slow down the wave through friction
Narrow beaches means destructive waves reach the cliff at high tide and created wave cut notches which leads to the collapse of the cliff
What is the problem with a long fetch?
The waves have travelled hundreds of miles, gaining energy from the long journey resulting in high energy waves hitting the Holderness Coast, eroding the clay rapidly
What is the problem with prevailing waves?
Waves are then directed straight at the cliffs which means a high amount of energy will hit the coast and erode the cliff rapidly
What is the problem with building on top of the cliffs?
More pressure is acting down upon the cliff. If the clay becomes saturated then the cliff will collapse doe to the extra weight of the buildings
Why might cliff collapse impact people and the environment?
7 reasons
Eyesore
Loss of infrastructure will result in limited access to areas
Loss of homes will mean psychological impacts
Loss of farmland will mean loss of wages for farmers
Loss of habitat for animals, less biodiversity
Decline in property value with will mean loss of money
Decline in tourism which means loss of money
What management plans were put in place at Bridlington and Hilderthorpe?
How long for?
What other area was this management plan used?
Hold the line (keep coast where it is)
Till 2105
Dimlington-Easington Gas Terminals
What management plans were put in place at Kilnsea and Spurn Point?
Managed retreat, allow the natural process to occur
What area was left to its own devices?
Why?
Hollym-Dimington Cliffs
Just agricultural land and hamlets, low economic impact
What was built at Bridlington?
Sea wall
Rock armour
Wooden groynes
How much did the new sea wall at Bridlington cost?
£1.4 million
What was built at Hornsea?
Sea wall
Rock armour
Wooden groynes
What soft engineering was done at Hornsea?
Beach nourishment
What was built at Mappleton?
Groynes
Rock armour at base of cliff
How much was spent on Mappleton?
£2 million
What road runs through Mappleton?
B1242
How many caravans were lost at Hornsea in 2013?
3
