Holderness coast.

Question 1

How much does a sea wall cost?

Answer 1

£10 million per km

Question 2

Where were sea walls built?

Answer 2

Mappleton and Bridlington

Question 3

What’s good about sea walls?

Answer 3

Stops erosion and flooding
Creates easy access to the beach
Long term

Question 4

What’s bad about sea walls?

Answer 4

Very expensive

High maintenance costs

Question 5

What is marsh creation a form of?

Answer 5

Managed retreat

Question 6

How much does marsh creation cost?

Answer 6

£5-£10 thousand per hectare

Question 7

What’s good about marsh creation?

Answer 7

Creates habitats

Blends in with the surrounding environment

Question 8

What’s bad about marsh creation?

Answer 8

Does not stop erosion, only slows it

Takes up a lot of land

Question 9

How much does rock armour cost?

Answer 9

£1000-£4000 per metre

Question 10

Where was rock armour used on the Holderness Coast?

Answer 10

Mappleton
Bridlington
Hornsea

Question 11

What’s good about rock armour?

Answer 11

Used for fishing and a sitting place
Stops erosion because the energy has been removed from the waves due to the huge rocks and gaps in between them
Long term

Question 12

What’s bad about rock armour?

Answer 12

Doesn’t fit in with the area
High transportation costs from Scandinavia
Rocks can be moved in a storm

Question 13

What’s good about beach nourishment?

Answer 13

Blends in with the beach

Increases tourist potential

Question 14

Where was beach nourishment used on the Holderness Coast?

Answer 14

Hornsea

Question 15

What’s bad about beach nourishment?

Answer 15

Sand is eroded away easily
Short term solution
Has to be topped up often

Question 16

Where is the Holderness Coastline situated?

Answer 16

North East coast of England in Yorkshire

Question 17

What is significant about the Holderness Coastline?

Answer 17

Fastest eroding coastline in Europe

Question 18

What is the average amount of erosion per year?
How many tonnes?
How many metres?

Answer 18

2 million tonnes

2 metres

Question 19

What is the coastline made of?

Answer 19

Glacial till, soft boulder clay that is easily eroded

Question 20

What is the problem with boulder clay?

Answer 20

Glacial till (boulder clay) is very soft and easily eroded, a fine sediment that is easily transported by longshore drift so there is little beach-lack of protection from high energy waves

Question 21

What is the problem with narrow beaches?

2 reasons

Answer 21

Barely any beach to slow down the wave through friction
Narrow beaches means destructive waves reach the cliff at high tide and created wave cut notches which leads to the collapse of the cliff

Question 22

What is the problem with a long fetch?

Answer 22

The waves have travelled hundreds of miles, gaining energy from the long journey resulting in high energy waves hitting the Holderness Coast, eroding the clay rapidly

Question 23

What is the problem with prevailing waves?

Answer 23

Waves are then directed straight at the cliffs which means a high amount of energy will hit the coast and erode the cliff rapidly

Question 24

What is the problem with building on top of the cliffs?

Answer 24

More pressure is acting down upon the cliff. If the clay becomes saturated then the cliff will collapse doe to the extra weight of the buildings

Question 25

Why might cliff collapse impact people and the environment?

7 reasons

Answer 25

Eyesore
Loss of infrastructure will result in limited access to areas
Loss of homes will mean psychological impacts
Loss of farmland will mean loss of wages for farmers
Loss of habitat for animals, less biodiversity
Decline in property value with will mean loss of money
Decline in tourism which means loss of money

Question 26

What management plans were put in place at Bridlington and Hilderthorpe?
How long for?
What other area was this management plan used?

Answer 26

Hold the line (keep coast where it is)
Till 2105
Dimlington-Easington Gas Terminals

Question 27

What management plans were put in place at Kilnsea and Spurn Point?

Answer 27

Managed retreat, allow the natural process to occur

Question 28

What area was left to its own devices?

Why?

Answer 28

Hollym-Dimington Cliffs

Just agricultural land and hamlets, low economic impact

Question 29

What was built at Bridlington?

Answer 29

Sea wall
Rock armour
Wooden groynes

Question 30

How much did the new sea wall at Bridlington cost?

Answer 30

£1.4 million

Question 31

What was built at Hornsea?

Answer 31

Sea wall
Rock armour
Wooden groynes

Question 32

What soft engineering was done at Hornsea?

Answer 32

Beach nourishment

Question 33

What was built at Mappleton?

Answer 33

Groynes

Rock armour at base of cliff

Question 34

How much was spent on Mappleton?

Answer 34

£2 million

Question 35

What road runs through Mappleton?

Answer 35

B1242

Question 36

How many caravans were lost at Hornsea in 2013?

Answer 36

3