Hodgkin's and Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (HL / NHL) Flashcards
Are there Reed-Sternberg cells present in hodgkin’s lymphoma?
Yes! They are characteristic cells with mirror-image nuclei.
They are NOT present in Non-Hodgkins (no reed-sternberg no hodgkins)
What is Hodgkin’s lymphoma?
Where there is uncontrolled proliferation of lymphocytes.
What demographics are most likely to suffer from uncontrolled proliferation of lymphocytes?
Young Adults
Elderly
What is the Male to Female ratio of sufferers with Hodgkin’s Lymphoma?
2:1
male : female
(twice as common in males)
What is the 5 year survival rate for Hodgkin’s stage IV Lymphoma without symptoms?
95%
What is the 5 year survival for patients with Hodgkin’s stage IV Lymphoma WITH symptoms?
<40%
What are the stages of hodgkin’s lymphoma?
Stage I
Stage II
Stage III
Stage IV-A
Stage IV-B
What are the B stage symptoms of hodgkin’s lymphoma? (3)
1) Fever
2) Night Sweats
3) Weight Loss
How does Hodgkin’s lymphoma present in patients?
- Lymphadenopathy (75% of cases)
- Systemic Symptoms (25% of cases)
What are the clinical signs of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma? (4)
Cachexia
Anaemia
Splenomegaly
Hepatomegaly
What investigations do we conduct for hodgkin’s lymphoma?
- Lymph Node Biopsy (assisted with imaging)
- Bloods
What blood tests do we take for hodgkin’s lymphoma? (7)
- Full Blood Count
- Blood Film
- LFT
- LDH (lactate dehydrogenase)
- Urate
- Calcium
- ESR
- N.B. if ESR Raised (or Hg lowered) this suggests a poor prognosis
What is the name of staging for Hodgkin’s lymphoma?
Ann Arbor System
How do we conduct staging for Hodgkin’s lymphoma?
Through imaging:
CXR
CT
PET-CT
of thorax/abdomen/pelvis
How do we treat hodgkin’s lymphoma?
- Chemotherapy
- Radiotherapy
- Preipheral stem-cell transplants
What is Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma?
NHL is the most common type of lymphoma.
it is when there is uncontrolled proliferation of lymphocytes
What cell lines are NHLs derived from?
B-cell Lines
(there are no reed-sternberg cells)
What causes NHL?
Caused by immunodeficiency.
(i.e. HIV, HTLV-1, H-pylori & medications)
What is HTLV-1?
human T-cell leukemia type 1
How do NHL present?
- Superficial Lymphadenopathy (75% of cases)
- Extranodal disease
What extranodal skin presentation does NHL present with?
T-Cell Lymphomas
What extranodal oropharynx presentation does NHL present with?
Sore throat that can obstruct breathing.
(Waldeyer’s Ring Lymphoma)
What extranodal gut presentations does NHL present with? (3)
- Gastric MALT (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue)
- Non-MALT gastric symptoms
- Small bowel lymphomas
What are the systemic symptoms associated with Non-hodgkin’s lymphoma?
Fever
Night Sweats
Weight Loss
