Hockerman Diabetes

Question 1

What are the three ‘poly’ warning signs of diabetes?

Answer 1

Polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia

Question 2

Criteria for the Diagnosis of Diabetes (ADA) consider an A1C of _____, Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) of _____, 2-h plasma glucose ____ or random plasma glucose ____ with _____

Answer 2

Criteria for the Diagnosis of Diabetes (ADA) consider an A1C above 6.5, Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) of 126 mg/dL, 2-h plasma glucose above 200 mg/dL or random plasma glucose above 200 mg/dL with symptoms

Question 3

At what point of beta-cell mass loss to we see ICA and IAA?

Answer 3

Following a precipitating event, ICA and IAA become positive

Question 4

FBG is normal until ~____% of BCM is lost

Answer 4

70%

Question 5

What two tests can be used to determine loss of Beta cell mass?

Answer 5

OGTT and measuring C-peptide

Question 6

IA-2 has a ____% sensitivity, and ____% selectivity in people with type 1 diabetes

Answer 6

IA-2 has a 57% sensitivity, and 99% selectivity in people with type 1 diabetes

Question 7

Which consequence of lack of insulin decreases glucose uptake in cells and synthesis and increases conversion of amino acids to glucose?
A. Hyperglycemia
B. Glucosuria
C. Hyperlipidemia
D. Uninhibited glucagon

Answer 7

A. Hyperglycemia

Question 8

Which consequence of lack of insulin involve increased fatty acid mobilization from fat cells and increased FA oxidation?
A. Hyperglycemia
B. Glucosuria
C. Hyperlipidemia
D. Uninhibited glucagon

Answer 8

C. Hyperlipidemia

Question 9

Cardiovascular complications of diabetes can be seen through damage of what?

Answer 9

Micro and macro angiopathies (small and large blood vessels)

Question 10

Which pathway causes increased susceptibility to neuropathy?
A. Aldose Reductase in Polyol pathway
B. GFAT in hexosamine pathway
C. DAG in protein kinase C pathway
D. Methylglyoxal in AGE pathway

Answer 10

A. Aldose Reductase in Polyol pathway

Question 11

Accumulation of what in neurons reduce protection from oxidative damage

Answer 11

Water

Question 12

Oxidation products of glucose react (reversibly/irreversibly) with proteins to form AGE

Answer 12

irreversibly

Question 13

Which of the following is this compound?
A. D-glucose
B. Schiff base
C. Amadori Product
D. 3-Deoxyglucosone

Answer 13

A. D-glucose

Question 14

Which of the following is this compound?
A. D-glucose
B. Schiff base
C. Amadori Product
D. 3-Deoxyglucosone

Answer 14

B. Schiff base

Question 15

Which of the following is this compound?
A. D-glucose
B. Schiff base
C. Amadori Product
D. 3-Deoxyglucosone

Answer 15

C. Amadori Product

Question 16

Which of the following is this compound?
A. D-glucose
B. Schiff base
C. Amadori Product
D. 3-Deoxyglucosone

Answer 16

D. 3-Deoxyglucosone

Question 17

This compound is a final step before AGE

Answer 17

Glyoxal

Question 18

This compound is a final step before AGE

Answer 18

Methylglyoxal

Question 19

What step changes D-glucose to Glyoxal/Methylglyoxal?

Answer 19

oxidation

Question 20

What is the AGE?

Answer 20

CML

Question 21

What is the AGE?

Answer 21

CEL

Question 22

Peptides containing CML and CEL bind to _____ and promote _____

Answer 22

Peptides containing CML and CEL bind to RAGE and promote inflammation

Question 23

What drug class is this?

Answer 23

Sulfonylureas

Question 24

What drug class is this?

Answer 24

Sulfonylureas

Question 25

What drug class is this?

Answer 25

Meglitinides

Question 26

What drug class is this?

Answer 26

Meglitinides

Question 27

What drug class is this?

Answer 27

SGLT-2

Question 28

What drug class is this?

Answer 28

alpha-glucosidase inhibitor

Question 29

What drug class is this?

Answer 29

Thiazolidinediones

Question 30

What drug class is this?

Answer 30

Biguanides