Diuretics Flashcards
What is the location(s) of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?
A. Proximal Tubule
B. Descending Limb
C. Ascending Limb
D. Distal Convoluted Tubule
A. Proximal Tubule
T/F: CA-I can inhibit both cytoplasmic CA and membrane-bound CA
True
CA-I blocks the absorption of what anion?
A. Na
B. K
C. NaHCO3
D. Cl
C. NaHCO3
What three locations are important to this molecules function? What is it?
CA-I
Which of the following is NOT a usage for CA-Is?
A. Weak Diuretic
B. Acute Mountain Sickness
C. Metabolic Acidosis
D. Glaucoma
C. Metabolic Acidosis
(Metabolic ALKALOSIS)
Toxicities for CA-Is include (hypo/hyper)chloremia and renal potassium (sparing/wasting)
(hyper)chloremia and renal potassium (wasting)
What is the location(s) of osmotic diuretics?
A. Proximal Tubule
B. Descending Limb
C. Ascending Limb
D. Distal Convoluted Tubule
A. Proximal Tubule
B. Descending Limb
With osmotic diuretics, there is a higher concentration of solutes in the (blood/lumen)
Lumen
What medications are used for osmotic diuretics?
IV: Mannitol and Urea
PO: Isosorbide, glucose and glycerine
What is the location(s) of loop diuretics?
A. Proximal Tubule
B. Descending Limb
C. Ascending Limb
D. Distal Convoluted Tubule
C. Ascending Limb
Which are the most potent class for diuretics?
A. Osmotic
B. Loop Diuretics
C. Thiazides
D. Potassium-Sparing
B. Loop Diuretics
Loop diuretics do NOT target which of the following?
A. Na
B. Cl
C. K
D. Mg
D. Mg
What three locations are important to this molecules function? What is it?
1 position: acidic
4 position: activating group
5 position: sulfamoyl for optimal diuretic activity
What medication can be used as a diuretic for people with sulfa allergies?
A. Ethacrynic Acid
B. Furosemide
C. Bumetanide
A. Ethacrynic Acid
Clinical uses for loop diuretics include (hypo/hyper)calcemia and (hypo/hyper)kalemia
hypercalcemia and hyperkalemia
Which of the following is NOT a major toxicity with loop diuretics?
A. Dehydration
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hypermagnesemia
D. Ototoxicity
C. Hypermagnesemia
What is the location(s) of Na/Cl Symport Inhibitors?
A. Proximal Tubule
B. Descending Limb
C. Ascending Limb
D. Distal Convoluted Tubule
Primary: D. Distal Convoluted Tubule
Secondary: A. Proximal Tubule
Potential toxicities from thiazides include (hypo/hyper)kalemia and (hyper/hypo)uricemia
hypokalemia and hyperuricemia
What four drugs are commonly used thiazides?
chlorothiazide, hydrochlorothiazide, chlorthalidone, and metolazone
The post-discharge therapy included a substitution of hydrochlorothiazide with furosemide. Which of the following statements best explains why loop diuretics are far more effective than thiazide diuretics?
A. Loop diuretics increase renin secretion
B. Loop diuretics are also weak inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase
C. More sodium is physiologically reabsorbed at the loop of henle than at the distal convolute tubule
D. The antihypertensive action of thiazides may reduce the GFR
C. More sodium is physiologically reabsorbed at the loop of henle than at the distal convolute tubule
What is the location(s) of potassium-sparing diuretics?
A. Proximal Tubule
B. Descending Limb
C. Ascending Limb
D. Distal Convoluted Tubule
D. Distal Convoluted Tubule
And Collecting Duct
What are two weak diuretics mentioned?
CA-I and potassium-sparing
What ion is specifically inhibited in potassium-sparing diuretics?
Na
What are two potassium-sparing diuretics drugs that inhibit the sodium channels?
amiloride and triamterene
T/F: Potassium-sparing Na-inhibiting diuretics are only used adjunct?
T- w/ thiazide or loop
What toxicities/contraindications are associated with potassium-sparing diuretics?
Hyperkalemia
contraindications: K supplements and ACE inhibitors
What is the location(s) of MRA potassium-sparing diuretics?
A. Proximal Tubule
B. Descending Limb
C. Ascending Limb
D. Distal Convoluted Tubule
D. Distal Convoluted Tubule
AND collecting duct
What medication is associated with MRA potassium-sparing diuretics?
spironolactone
On top of the common toxicities/contraindication for potassium-sparing diuretics, what is added with MRAs?
Gynecomastia, BPH (hormonal disturbances)
Vasopression 1 (V1) affects the (kidneys/blood vessels), while V2 affects the (kidneys/blood vessels)
(V1) affects the blood vessels by constriction, while V2 affects the kidneys by increased blood volume
Vasopressin antagonists (dilutes/concentrates) the urine
dilutes the urine
What are two vasopressin antagonist medications?
Conivaptan and tolvaptan
Which diuretics do NOT have a site of action on the lumen?
MRA and Vasopressin
What is activated for creating the braking system?
RAAS and SNS
