hobbes

Question 1

human nature belief

Answer 1

the world is materialistic, humans are one kind of body in motion (non teleological explanation)

Question 2

human society outline

Answer 2

• collection of atoms naturally in chaotic motion likely to collide
• but are rational so can desire to not be destroyed

Question 3

what does he say on state of nature?

Answer 3

nasty brutish and short

constant competition fo resources, security reputation etc

Question 4

concept of good to hobbes?

Answer 4

good is subjective and politics is negative as it is to avoid human disasters, but still a need for laws

Question 5

felicity and power?

Answer 5

we need power (friends, money etc) because we are driven by our desires and our desire is to have felicity (happinesS)

Question 6

parts of state of nature?

Answer 6

1 natural equality - all equal, anyone can kill anyone
2 scarcity of goods - limited production, no property rights or protection leads to conflict
3 uncertainty - lack of protection leads to fear

Question 7

solution to state of nature

Answer 7

escape through passions and reason
passions - pce not war as fear of death
reason - agree on principles to establish a treaty

Question 8

rights of nature?

Answer 8

right of self preservation
blameless liberty (no moral check, right doenst always mean good)

Question 9

views on natural rights?

Answer 9

bentham and marx say there are not any

Question 10

negative natural rights?

Answer 10

right not to be interfered with

Question 11

positive natural rights?

Answer 11

to be provided for (eg eduation or healthcare etc)

Question 12

no.1 law of nature?

Answer 12

seek peace as far as you can

Question 13

how can there be laws with no law givER?

Answer 13

natural laws discoverable by every and any rational individual wanting civil peace and security

Question 14

whats the socal contract?

Answer 14

a way out of state of nature

each must agree to give power to sovereign to enforce peace

Question 15

properties of the sovereign?

Answer 15

an artificial creation of the people
hobbes thinks it works best as an individual person
unlimited power
comes through consent or force

Question 16

what rights does a sovereign have?

Answer 16

choose successor
rules on ownership and propety
taxation
create or take away laws
secure subjects safety

Question 17

duty of sovereign?

Answer 17

secure own survival and protect subjects

ensure peace

Question 18

sujects rights?

Answer 18

granted by the sovereign

UNLESS the sovereign fails to protect them

Question 19

subjects duties?

Answer 19

obedience to effective sovereign and his laws

UNLESS he attacks them/orders suicide/allows gov. collapse

Question 20

hypothetical objection to hobbes and reply

Answer 20

both social contract and state of nature are hypothetical contracts

REPLY it is enough that we act in such a way that if there were a contract we would sign it

Question 21

communitarian criticism

Answer 21

excessive individual account making human nature negative

Question 22

hobbes and natural family outlook

Answer 22

a child has obligation to obey that who preserves it.
if a mother the mother has pwoer over whether to say who the father is or to expose it to deaath or preserve it

if the mother exposes it and it is found by another, the child is obligated to the founder

Question 23

criticism of rebelling?

Answer 23

how can you know when it is legitimate to rebel?

how do you knw when the soereign is about to attack?