Aristotle

Question 1

How does Aristotle reject Plato?

Answer 1

Placing emphasis on physical world and experience

Question 2

Define teleology

Answer 2

The world has a rational pattern so everything has its own characteristics and potentials

Question 3

Why must a species develop its characteristics?

Answer 3

To realise it’s essence and perform its function in nature

Question 4

What is another word for community?

Answer 4

Koinonia - sharing , partnership

Question 5

Outline his community

Answer 5

Each community has a shared end

Marriage - fundamental partnership

Farmer/farm hand - natural partnership (for self preservation )

Question 6

Outline combining of communities

Answer 6

Household (male/female)
\/

Village

\/

Polis

Question 7

What is eudaimonia?

Answer 7

flourishing
Essential to freedom and justice

It’s the end goal

Question 8

How to reach eudaimonia?

Answer 8

Flourish

To flourish as a human is to live virtuously in ethics and intellect

Ethic virtue is courage honesty
Intellect virtue is phronesis (practical wisdom )

Question 9

What is the telos of life?

Answer 9

The end of life is to develop virtue brought by human reason

Question 10

What does the polis do?

Answer 10

Controls people for a purpose through fundamental community aiming at human good

Question 11

Best mixture of constitutions?

Answer 11

Aristocracy and democracy

Wise& virtuous and the many

Question 12

Issue of democracy?

Answer 12

Not everyone is equally fit to rule even if politically equal

Not every court should be a people’s court

Question 13

What is the argument from collective wisdom?

Answer 13

A large group of people even if individually inferior may be superior together

EG analogy of the feast

Question 14

Criticism of collective wisdom?

Answer 14

Adding 100000 stupid people will just get 100000 stupid views

Question 15

What is the end user argument?

Answer 15

Experts aren’t always best, what about the end-user

Being qualified doesn’t always make them the best judge of policies working . Requires input of the many

Response to the craft analogy

Question 16

What is the craft analogy?

Answer 16

Ruling equates crafts

Crafts tend to a certain territory with a purpose to improve the objects/products

(Eg doctor to patient )

Question 17

Aristotle on equality ?

Answer 17

Equals treated and equals and unequal treated as unequal (best flute players given the flutes)

Question 18

Outline his justice

Answer 18

Relates to all moral rules and ideas and proper distribution of goods

Question 19

Define his freedom

Answer 19

A full community member has freedom

Question 20

Role on education & censorship?

Answer 20

Education is key for intellectual virtue so direct control is needed over habitat, supervision, discipline and censorship

Question 21

Views on household

Answer 21

Hierarchies are natural

Question 22

What is a despotic hierarchy?with eg

Answer 22

Ruling in your interest
Eg master and slave
‘Naturally fitted to be a slave’ as lacking : full reason (that of animal and human) AND only have understanding psyche not controlling one

Question 23

What is free rule hierarchy with eg?

Answer 23

Interest of those being ruled are pursued by ruler

Kingly - superior to inferior (father to kid)
Political - equal over equal

Eg women and children

Women have controlling psyche but lack authority so naturally inferior

Question 24

What is Plato’s ideal state republic?

Answer 24

Forming of the good

\/

Philosopher kings

\/

Warriors

\/

Lover class work force

Question 25

What is Plato’s ideal state person?

Answer 25

Form of the good

\/

Reason

\/

Courage

\/

Desires

Question 26

What is Plato’s world of forms made of?

Answer 26

World of forms (mind)= invisible and; eternal ‘higher’

World of matter (body) = visible and finite ‘lower”