HNS5

Question 1

Define what the upper respiratory tract is(30s)

Question 2

Describe the structure of the nasal cavity and it’s boundaries.Describe the structure it’s component that are involved in smell.(8)

Question 3

Describe and explain the structure and function of the nasal conchae and the different regions of the nasal cavities and describe the bones that define the skeletal framework of the nasal cavities(10)

Question 4

What are paranasal sinuses, where are they generally located in relation to the nasal cavity, what are their general functions and general innervations(4)

Question 5

1. For the different paranasal sinuses, describe their location, where they drain into, and their innervations. Where relevant. Explain the importance of the relationship of the maxillary sinus to the roots of the upper teeth, and of the sphenoid sinus to the pituitary fossa(10)

Question 6

Describe the general structure of the larynx, including positioning of important asscociated structures(8)

Question 7

Describe the structure of the relevant cartilages that are associated with larynx(18)

Question 8

Explain the structures of the special anatomical structures involved in phonation and explain how they function.(16)

Question 9

Describe the origins, insertions, functions and innervation of the muscles involved in phonation(10)

Question 10

Describe the changes that happen in the vocal cords during specific actions(6)

Question 11

1. List the mechanisms which protect the lungs and bronchi against aspiration of food and drink(2)

Question 12

1. Explain (in terms of sensory and motor pathways and muscle groups) the sneeze and cough reflexes(6)

Question 13

Describe the structures of the ear(8-DO IMAGE FLASHCARD AS WELL)

Question 14

1. Explain pressure equalisation between the pharynx and the middle ear(2)\_

Question 15

1. x_plain the clinical importance of the relationship of the mastoid antrum and the mastoid air cells to the middle ear cavity in the skull (3)_

Question 16

1. List the actions that may be taken to restore patency of the airway in an emergencyDescribe the anatomical basis of tracheotomy and cricothyroidotomy(4)

Question 17

1. Explain likely consequences of disease or injury of a recurrent laryngeal nerve and of the superior part of the cervical sympathetic chain(4)