HNS 2 Flashcards
What are the borders of the anterior triangle of the neck?
The median verticle line of the neck
The inferior margin of the mandible
The anterior margin of the sternocleidomastoid
How is the anterior triangle of the neck further subdivided?
Submandibular triangle
Submental triangle
Muscular triangle
Carotid triangle
What is found in the anterior triangle?
Hyoid bone
Carotid cartilage
Thyroid cartilage
Cricothyroid space (important for emergency cricothyroidotomy to establish airway)
Trachea and tracheal rings
Suprasternal notch of manubrium
Thyroid gland
Carotid artery
Subclavian vein
Lymph nodes
Deep cervical lymph nodes
What muscles are found in the anterior traingle?
Muscles superior to hyoid are suprahyoid: stylohyoid, digastric, mylohyoid, geniohyoid
Muscles inferior to hyoid bone are infrahyoid: omohyoid, thyrohyoid, sternothyroid
What is the origion, insertion and function of the stylohyoid?
Origion: base of styloid process
Insertion: lateral area of body of hyoid bone
Function: Pulls hyoid bone upwards
What is the origin, insertion and function of the digastric (anterior belly)?
Origin: digastric fossa on lower inside mandible
Insertion: attatchment of tendon between two bellies to body of hyoid bone
Function: opens mouth by lowering mandible
What is the origin, insertion and function of the digastric (posterior belly)?
Origin: mastoid notch on medial side of mastoid process of temporal bone
Insertion: attatchment of tendon between two bellies to body of hyoid bone
Function: pulls hyoid bone upwards and back
What is the origin, insertion and function of the mylohyoid?
Origin: mylohyoid line on mandible
Insertion: body of hyoid bone and fibres from muscle on opposite side
Function: support and elevation of floor of mouth, elevation of hyoid
What is the origin, insertion and function of the geniohyoid?
Origin: inferior mental spine on inner surface of mandible
Insertion: anterior surface of body of hyoid bone
Function: fixed mandible elevates and pulls hyoid bone fowards. Fixed hyoid bone pulls mandible downwards and inwards
What is the origin, insertion and function of the sternohyoid?
Origin: posterior aspect of sternoclavicular joint and adjacent manubrium of sternum
Insertion: body of hyoid bone medial to attatchemnt of omohyoid
Function: depresses hyoid bone after swallowing
What is the origin, insertion and function of the omohyoid?
Superior border of scapula medial to suprascapular notch
Insertion: lower border of body of hyoid bone just lateral to attatchemnt of sternohyid
Function: depresses and fixed hyoid bone
What is the origin, insertion and function of the thyrohyoid?
Origin: oblique line on lamina of thyroid cartilage
Insertion: greater horn and adjacent aspectof body of hyoid bone
Function: depresses hyoid bone but when hyoid bone is fixed raises larynx
What is the origin, insertion and function of the sternothyroid?
Origin: posterior surface of the manubrium of sternum
Insertion: oblique line on lamina of thyroid cartilage
Function: draws larynx downwards
W/hat is the sheet muscle that covers the neck and what is its function?
Platysma- tenses skin of neck and depresses mandible
Label the following
What are the borders of the posterior triangle?
Posterior edge of the sternocleidomastoid muscle
Anterior edge of the trapezius muscle
Middle 1/3 of the clavicle
How can the posterior triangle be futher divided?
larger occipital traingle and smaller subclavian triangle by inferior belly of omohyoid muscle
What makes up the floor and roof of the posterior triangle?
Roof of posteror triangle is made by investing layer of cervical fascia that envelops sternocleidomastoid and trapezium muslce
Floor of triangle consists of prevertebral layer of cervical fascia covering slenis capitis, levator scapulae and scalene muscle
What can be found in the posterior traingle?
External jugular vein
Subclavian artery
Subclavian vein
Acessory nerve
Phrenic nerve
Vagus nerve
Cervical plexus of nerves
Trunck of brachial plexus
Apex of lung
Lymph nodes
What muscles are found in the posterior triangle?
Sternocleidomastoid- sternal and clavicular head
Traperzius
Omohyoid
What is the origion, insertion and function of the sternocleidomastoid muscle (sternal head)?
Origin: upeerpart of the anterior surface of manubrium of sternum
Insertion: later one half of superior nuchal line
Function: alone: will tilt head towards shoulder on same side rotating head to face oposite side. Together: will draw head together
What is the origion, insertion and function of the sternocleidomastoid muscle (clavicular head)?
Origin: superior surface of medial 1/3 of clavicle
Insertion: lateral surface of mastoid process
What is the origion, insertion and function of the trapezius muscle?
Origin: superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, spinous process of vertebrae
Insertion: lateral 1/3 of clavicle, spine of scapula
Function: assists in rotating scapula during abduction of humerous above horizontal
What are the functions of the neck?
Structural- support and move the head
Visceral function- contains airway and oesophegus
Conduit for blood vessels and nerves
What is fascia?
Connective tissue mainly composed of collagen fibres and organises body into different compartemnts.
Important as it permits the spread of infection within compartments
Label the following
What is the role of the different fascias?
Superficial fascia: most external fascial layer in the neck. Contains thin muscle- platysma
Investing fascia: divided into a number of layers: pretracheal fascia, carotid sheath, investing fascia, prevertebral fascia
Pretracheal fascia: surrounds some visceral components of the neck
Carotid sheath: fascia which surrounds blood vessels- vascular compartment includes artery, vein, nerve protected by sternocleidomastoid
Prevertebral fascia- surrounds most of muscles
What is found in the carotid sheath?
Common carotid artery
(internal carotid artery)
internal jugular vein
vagus nerve
Label the following
What are the different groups of facial miscles and what is their role?
Orbital group- act on eyelids. When they contract they close the eyelids
Nasal group: act on th enose
Oral group: act on the mouth and lips
Oricular group: act to move ear
Theyre innervated by the facila nerve (CN VII)
Label the following
Orbital and palpebral of Orbicularis oculli
Label the following
Label the following
Label the following
Label the following
Label the following
What is the surface markings of the carotid artery?
Place middle and index finger between medial border ofSCM and lateral border of thyroid cartilage.
Pulse rate measures in beats in 15s x 4
What is the role of the brachiocephalic artery?
Supplies blood to right arm, head and neck- leads to subclavian artery
What are the brnches of the external carotid artery?
Some Anatomists Like Freaking Out Poor Medical Students
Label the following
Label the tempromandibular joint
Label the following muscles of mastication
What is the origin, insertion and function of the masseter?
Origin: zygomatic arch and maxilllary process of the zygomatic bone
Insertion; lateral surface of the ramus of the mandible
Function: elevation of mandible
What is the origin, insertion and function of the temporalis?
Origin: bone of temporal fossa and tempora fascia
Insertion: coronoid process of mandible and anterior margin of ramus of mandible to last molar tooth
Function: eleation and retraction of mandible
What are the muscles of masticaion?
Masseter
Temporalis
Later pterygoid
Medial pterygoid
Label the following
What is the origin, insertion and function of the lateral pterygoid?
Origin: upeer head- roof of infratemporal fossa. Lower head- lateral surface of lateral plate of pterygoid process
Insertion: capsule of temporomandibular joint
Function: protrusion and side to side movement of mandible
What is the origin, insertion and function of the medial pterygoid?
Origin: deep head- medial surface of lateral plate of pterygoid process and pyramidal process of palatine bone. Superficial head- tuberosity of the maxilla and pyramidal process of palatine bone
Insertion: medial surface of mandible near angle
Function: elevation and side to side movements of mandible
Label the orbit of the eye
Label the orbital formaina and what passes throught them
