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BRS Anatomy > HNS 2 > Flashcards

HNS 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the borders of the anterior triangle of the neck?

A

The median verticle line of the neck

The inferior margin of the mandible

The anterior margin of the sternocleidomastoid

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2
Q

How is the anterior triangle of the neck further subdivided?

A

Submandibular triangle

Submental triangle

Muscular triangle

Carotid triangle

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3
Q

What is found in the anterior triangle?

A

Hyoid bone

Carotid cartilage

Thyroid cartilage

Cricothyroid space (important for emergency cricothyroidotomy to establish airway)

Trachea and tracheal rings

Suprasternal notch of manubrium

Thyroid gland

Carotid artery

Subclavian vein

Lymph nodes

Deep cervical lymph nodes

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4
Q

What muscles are found in the anterior traingle?

A

Muscles superior to hyoid are suprahyoid: stylohyoid, digastric, mylohyoid, geniohyoid

Muscles inferior to hyoid bone are infrahyoid: omohyoid, thyrohyoid, sternothyroid

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5
Q

What is the origion, insertion and function of the stylohyoid?

A

Origion: base of styloid process

Insertion: lateral area of body of hyoid bone

Function: Pulls hyoid bone upwards

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6
Q

What is the origin, insertion and function of the digastric (anterior belly)?

A

Origin: digastric fossa on lower inside mandible

Insertion: attatchment of tendon between two bellies to body of hyoid bone

Function: opens mouth by lowering mandible

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7
Q

What is the origin, insertion and function of the digastric (posterior belly)?

A

Origin: mastoid notch on medial side of mastoid process of temporal bone

Insertion: attatchment of tendon between two bellies to body of hyoid bone

Function: pulls hyoid bone upwards and back

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8
Q

What is the origin, insertion and function of the mylohyoid?

A

Origin: mylohyoid line on mandible

Insertion: body of hyoid bone and fibres from muscle on opposite side

Function: support and elevation of floor of mouth, elevation of hyoid

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9
Q

What is the origin, insertion and function of the geniohyoid?

A

Origin: inferior mental spine on inner surface of mandible

Insertion: anterior surface of body of hyoid bone

Function: fixed mandible elevates and pulls hyoid bone fowards. Fixed hyoid bone pulls mandible downwards and inwards

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10
Q

What is the origin, insertion and function of the sternohyoid?

A

Origin: posterior aspect of sternoclavicular joint and adjacent manubrium of sternum

Insertion: body of hyoid bone medial to attatchemnt of omohyoid

Function: depresses hyoid bone after swallowing

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11
Q

What is the origin, insertion and function of the omohyoid?

A

Superior border of scapula medial to suprascapular notch

Insertion: lower border of body of hyoid bone just lateral to attatchemnt of sternohyid

Function: depresses and fixed hyoid bone

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12
Q

What is the origin, insertion and function of the thyrohyoid?

A

Origin: oblique line on lamina of thyroid cartilage

Insertion: greater horn and adjacent aspectof body of hyoid bone

Function: depresses hyoid bone but when hyoid bone is fixed raises larynx

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13
Q

What is the origin, insertion and function of the sternothyroid?

A

Origin: posterior surface of the manubrium of sternum

Insertion: oblique line on lamina of thyroid cartilage

Function: draws larynx downwards

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14
Q

W/hat is the sheet muscle that covers the neck and what is its function?

A

Platysma- tenses skin of neck and depresses mandible

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15
Q

Label the following

A
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16
Q

What are the borders of the posterior triangle?

A

Posterior edge of the sternocleidomastoid muscle

Anterior edge of the trapezius muscle

Middle 1/3 of the clavicle

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17
Q

How can the posterior triangle be futher divided?

A

larger occipital traingle and smaller subclavian triangle by inferior belly of omohyoid muscle

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18
Q

What makes up the floor and roof of the posterior triangle?

A

Roof of posteror triangle is made by investing layer of cervical fascia that envelops sternocleidomastoid and trapezium muslce

Floor of triangle consists of prevertebral layer of cervical fascia covering slenis capitis, levator scapulae and scalene muscle

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19
Q

What can be found in the posterior traingle?

A

External jugular vein

Subclavian artery

Subclavian vein

Acessory nerve

Phrenic nerve

Vagus nerve

Cervical plexus of nerves

Trunck of brachial plexus

Apex of lung

Lymph nodes

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20
Q

What muscles are found in the posterior triangle?

A

Sternocleidomastoid- sternal and clavicular head

Traperzius

Omohyoid

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21
Q

What is the origion, insertion and function of the sternocleidomastoid muscle (sternal head)?

A

Origin: upeerpart of the anterior surface of manubrium of sternum

Insertion: later one half of superior nuchal line

Function: alone: will tilt head towards shoulder on same side rotating head to face oposite side. Together: will draw head together

22
Q

What is the origion, insertion and function of the sternocleidomastoid muscle (clavicular head)?

A

Origin: superior surface of medial 1/3 of clavicle

Insertion: lateral surface of mastoid process

23
Q

What is the origion, insertion and function of the trapezius muscle?

A

Origin: superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, spinous process of vertebrae

Insertion: lateral 1/3 of clavicle, spine of scapula

Function: assists in rotating scapula during abduction of humerous above horizontal

24
Q

What are the functions of the neck?

A

Structural- support and move the head

Visceral function- contains airway and oesophegus

Conduit for blood vessels and nerves

25
Q

What is fascia?

A

Connective tissue mainly composed of collagen fibres and organises body into different compartemnts.

Important as it permits the spread of infection within compartments

26
Q

Label the following

A
27
Q

What is the role of the different fascias?

A

Superficial fascia: most external fascial layer in the neck. Contains thin muscle- platysma

Investing fascia: divided into a number of layers: pretracheal fascia, carotid sheath, investing fascia, prevertebral fascia

Pretracheal fascia: surrounds some visceral components of the neck

Carotid sheath: fascia which surrounds blood vessels- vascular compartment includes artery, vein, nerve protected by sternocleidomastoid

Prevertebral fascia- surrounds most of muscles

28
Q

What is found in the carotid sheath?

A

Common carotid artery

(internal carotid artery)

internal jugular vein

vagus nerve

29
Q

Label the following

A
30
Q

What are the different groups of facial miscles and what is their role?

A

Orbital group- act on eyelids. When they contract they close the eyelids

Nasal group: act on th enose

Oral group: act on the mouth and lips

Oricular group: act to move ear

Theyre innervated by the facila nerve (CN VII)

31
Q

Label the following

A

Orbital and palpebral of Orbicularis oculli

32
Q

Label the following

A
33
Q

Label the following

A
34
Q

Label the following

A
35
Q

Label the following

A
36
Q

Label the following

A
37
Q

What is the surface markings of the carotid artery?

A

Place middle and index finger between medial border ofSCM and lateral border of thyroid cartilage.

Pulse rate measures in beats in 15s x 4

38
Q

What is the role of the brachiocephalic artery?

A

Supplies blood to right arm, head and neck- leads to subclavian artery

39
Q

What are the brnches of the external carotid artery?

A

Some Anatomists Like Freaking Out Poor Medical Students

40
Q

Label the following

A
41
Q

Label the tempromandibular joint

A
42
Q

Label the following muscles of mastication

A
43
Q

What is the origin, insertion and function of the masseter?

A

Origin: zygomatic arch and maxilllary process of the zygomatic bone

Insertion; lateral surface of the ramus of the mandible

Function: elevation of mandible

44
Q

What is the origin, insertion and function of the temporalis?

A

Origin: bone of temporal fossa and tempora fascia

Insertion: coronoid process of mandible and anterior margin of ramus of mandible to last molar tooth

Function: eleation and retraction of mandible

45
Q

What are the muscles of masticaion?

A

Masseter

Temporalis

Later pterygoid

Medial pterygoid

46
Q

Label the following

A
47
Q

What is the origin, insertion and function of the lateral pterygoid?

A

Origin: upeer head- roof of infratemporal fossa. Lower head- lateral surface of lateral plate of pterygoid process

Insertion: capsule of temporomandibular joint

Function: protrusion and side to side movement of mandible

48
Q

What is the origin, insertion and function of the medial pterygoid?

A

Origin: deep head- medial surface of lateral plate of pterygoid process and pyramidal process of palatine bone. Superficial head- tuberosity of the maxilla and pyramidal process of palatine bone

Insertion: medial surface of mandible near angle

Function: elevation and side to side movements of mandible

49
Q

Label the orbit of the eye

A
50
Q

Label the orbital formaina and what passes throught them

A

BRS Anatomy (4 decks)

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