HM: PPE, Scene Safety and Scene Control Flashcards
NFPA 1951
Standard on Protective Ensembles for Technical Rescue Incidents
NFPA 1981
Standard on Open-Circuit Self-Contained breathing Apparatus (SCBA) for Emergency situations
NFPA 1991
Standard on Vapor-protective Ensembles for HM Emergencies
NFPA 1992
Standard on Liquid Splash-Protective Clothing for HM Emergencies
NFPA 1994
Standard on Protective Ensembles for First Responders to CBRN Terrorism Incidents
NFPA 1999
Standard on Protective Clothing for Emergency Medical Operations
The three levels of control around the HM incident are the
cold zone, the warm zone, and the hot zone.
Air-purifying respirator (APR)
A device worn to filter particulates and contaminants from the air.
Backup Personnel
Individuals who remove or rescue those working in the hot zone in the event of an emergency.
Chemical-resistant materials
Materials use to make chemical-protective clothing, which can maintain its integrity and protection qualities when it comes into contact with a HM. These materials also resist penetration, permeation, and degradation.
Cold Zone
A safe area at a HM incident for those agencies involved in the operations. The incident Command Post, EMS providers, and other support functions necessary to control the incident should be located in the cold zone. Also called the clean zone or support zone.
Control Zones
Areas at a HM incident that are designated as hot, warm, or cold, based on safety and the degree of hazard.
Degradation
The physical destruction or decomposition of clothing material owing to chemical exposure, general use, or ambient conditions (such as storage in sunlight).
Heat Exhaustion
A mild form of shock caused when the circulatory system begins to fail as a result of the body’s inadequate effort to give off excessive heat.
Heat Stroke
A severe and sometimes fatal condition resulting from the failure of the temperature-regulating capacity of the body. It is caused by prolonged exposure to the sun or high temperatures. Reduction or cessation of sweating is in early symptom, body temperature of 105 degrees or higher, rapid pulse, hot dry skin, headache, confusion, unconsciousness, and convulsions may occur. Heat stroke is a true medical emergency requiring immediate transport to a medical facility.
High temperature-protective equipment
Protective clothing designed to shield the wearer during short-term exposures to high temperatures.
Hot Zone
The area immediately surrounding a HM spill/incident site that is directly dangerous to life and health. All personnel working in the hot zone must wear complete, appropriate protective clothing and equipment. Entry requires approval by the IC or a designated HM officer. Compete backup, rescue, and decontamination teams must be in place at the perimeter before operations begin.
Level A Protection
Personal protective equipment that provides protection against vapors, gases, mists, and even dusts. The highest level of protection, it requires a totally encapsulating suit that includes self-contained breathing apparatus.
Level B protection
Personal protective equipment that is used when the type and atmospheric concentration of substances have been identified. It generally requires a high level of respiratory protection but less skin protection: chemical-protective coveralls and clothing, chemical protection for shoes, glove, and self-contained breathing apparatus outside of a nonemcapsulating chemical-protective suit.
Level C protection
Personal protective equipment that is used when the type of airborne substance is known, the concentration is measured, the criteria for using air-purifying respirators are met, and skin and eye exposure is unlikely. It consists of standard work clothing with the addition of chemical-protective clothing, chemically resistant gloves, and a form of respirator protection.
Level D protection
Personal protective equipment that is used when the atmosphere contains no know hazards and work functions preclude splashes, immersion, or the potential for unexpected inhalation of or contact with hazardous levels of chemicals. It is primarily a work uniform that includes coveralls and affords minimal protection.
Liquid splash-protective clothing
Several pieces of clothing and equipment designed to protect the skin and eyes from chemical splashes.
Penetration
The flow or movement of a hazardous liquid (or solid) chemical through zippers, stitched seams, buttonholes, flaps, pinholes, or other imperfections in a material. Liquids and solids such as asbestos can penetrate chemical-protective clothing at several locations, including the face piece, exhalation valve, suit exhaust valve, and suit fasteners.
Permeation
The process by which a hazardous liquid chemical moves through a given material on the molecular level. Permeation differs from penetration in that permeation occurs through the clothing material itself rather than through openings in the clothing material.
