HL Topic 14 Interwar Years : CS 3 - Diplomacy in Europe (Versailles to Berlin) - (Causes and Events of WW2) Flashcards
Causes and Origins
Paris Peace Treaties (1919-1923)
The League of Nations and Europe
Italian and German foreign policies (1919-1941)
French and Soviet Foreign Policies (1919-1941)
Collective Security and Appeasement
Paris Peace Treaties (1919-1923)
Treaty of Versailles
Treaty of Sevres
Lausanne Conference
Treaty of Trianon
Treaty of St. Germain
Treaty of Neuilly
The League of Nations and Europe
Failures:
Inability to Prevent Aggression -
Manchuria (1931), Italy’s invasion of Ethiopia (1935), and the overall appeasement of Hitler leading up to World War II.
Absence of Major Powers -
The United States never joined, and other major powers like Germany and the Soviet Union were not members initially.
Structural Weaknesses
Lack of Armed Forces
Perception and Reality of Bias
Successes:
Dispute Resolution
Humanitarian Efforts:
Economic and Social Work
Mandate System
Italian and German foreign policies (1919-1941)
Italian Foreign Policy (1919-1941):
Post-Versailles Dissatisfaction
Fascist Ideology and Expansionism
Relationship with Major Powers
Entry into World War II
German Foreign Policy (1919-1941):
Weimar Republic and Revisionism
Nazi Ideology and Aggression
Pact of Steel and Alliances
Path to World War II
French and Soviet Foreign Policies (1919-1941)
French Foreign Policy (1919-1941):
Alsace-Lorraine
Security Concerns and the Maginot Line
League of Nations and Collective Security
Alliances and Diplomacy (Little Entente)
Policy of Appeasement
France declared war on Germany honoring its commitments to Poland
Soviet Foreign Policy (1919-1941):
Revolutionary Ideology and Early Isolation
Diplomatic Recognition and Normalization
Collective Security and Anti-Fascist Stance
Nazi-Soviet Pact
Invasion of Eastern Poland and the Baltic States
Collective Security and Appeasement
Collective Security:
This strategy aimed to deter potential aggressors by the promise of a collective and decisive response from all member states.
Effectiveness was severely limited by the absence of key powers and the lack of real enforcement mechanisms
Appeasement:
concessions made to aggressive powers with the hope of avoiding conflict.
Munich Agreement in 1938, where Czechoslovakia’s Sudetenland was ceded to Germany.
Practices and Outcomes (Who won and why?)
Strategic Errors
Military and Technological Factors
Economic Factors
Political and Psychological Factors
Strategic Errors
Operation Barbarossa/USSR Invasion
Declaring war on the USA
Resource Allocation and Production
Lack of a coherent strategy
Holocaust
Overextension of Military Operation
D-Day Invasion
Military and Technological Factors
Air Superiority and Strategic Bombing
Naval Dominance and Blockades
Economic Factors
Allied Economic coordination/production
Resource allocation
Industrial production
Lend-Lease Policy
Labor Force Utilisation
Economic Blockades
Effects/Civilian Populations
Socio-ecomomic Impact
Impact of Women
Case studies: Germany and Britain
Socio-Economic Impact: Germany
70,000 civilians killed
1,965,000 troops
Generational trauma, PTSD, Injuries
Socio-Economic Impact: Britain
384,000 British soldiers killed
80,000 civilians killed
2.5 million people homeless
150 million dependent on relief food distribution
Impact of Women: Britain
War contributions changed gender roles
Labour Conscription
Suffrage Movement
Post-War Economic Participation
Educational Opportunities
Legislative Changes
Second-wave feminist movement
Leadership and Representation:
Impact of Women: Germany
After World War II, Germany was divided into East and West, each adopting different policies towards women.
East Germany (GDR): The socialist government promoted women’s full employment as an integral part of the communist society.
West Germany (FRG): Initially more conservative, West Germany retained more traditional views on women’s roles as homemakers.
Unification-Progress
Legislative and Policy Advances
Cultural Shifts
