HKS

Question 1

WHO definition of health:

Answer 1

Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence if disease or infirmity.

Question 2

Statistical definition of health:

Answer 2

Eg: cut off points for hypertension

Question 3

Functional definition of health:

Answer 3

Ability to carry out ADLs (activities of daily living) such as grooming, going to the toilet, feeding oneself etc.

Question 4

Hyper and prehypertension range:

Answer 4

Hyper stage 1: 140/90 ~ 159/99
Hyper stage 2: >160/>100

Prehyper: 120/80 ~ 129/89

Question 5

Medicalisation:

Answer 5

Tendency to regard social or personal problems as med conditions (alcoholism, domestic violence)

Question 6

Theory of Social determinants of health:

Answer 6

Social & environmental wellbeing

Affects ^ v

Mental wellbeing

Affects ^ v

Physical wellbeing

Question 7

Social and environmental wellbeing:

Answer 7

• employment env
• family env

Good social network&raquo_space; loving environment&raquo_space; sense of wellbeing&raquo_space; buffer against health probs

Question 8

4 major psychosocial factors:

Answer 8

• anxiety/depression
• personality traits
• social isolation
• chronic stress

Question 9

Socio-economic status (SES):

Answer 9

• lower SES, higher CVD risks

- low SES&raquo_space; high risk beh, psychological risk factors

Question 10

Strengths of western med:

Answer 10

• strong sci foundation
• evidence-based (clinical trialsof drugs and treatments)
• emerging of sophisticated med and surgical interventions

Question 11

Critiques of western med:

Answer 11

• individualistic focus
• mind body dualism
• susceptible to commercial profit-minded pressures
• medicalisation of soc probs
• lack cultural competence

Question 12

Culture & health:

Way of life, beliefs/values/practices

Answer 12

Material culture:
- religious objects, tools, med instruments

Non-material culture:

• ideas, beliefs, knowledge
• norms (what is considered good/bad beh in that culture) and values (what is considered good/bad in that culture)

Question 13

3 components of med system:

Answer 13

1. Theory of aetiology
2. Sys of diagnosis
3. Techniques of appropriate therapy

Question 14

Cultural beliefs and practices can affect health through:

Answer 14

• nutrition (food taboos)
• personal hygiene
• gender roles (treated differently; women may not get access to health care; female genital mutilation; excessive diet of females)
• indigenous health technology

Question 15

How to handle cultural issues:

Answer 15

• encourage those that are good
• ignore those that have no bad effects
• discourage those that are bad

Question 16

WHO Declaration of Alma Ata:

Answer 16

• health is fundamental human right
• gov has responsibility for the health of its people
• PHC is key (instead of high tech med)

Question 17

Main components of PHC:

Answer 17

• education
• family planning
• maternal and child health care
• immunisation
• appropriate treatment
• prevention and control
• provision of essential drugs