HIVAIDS Symposium

Question 1

Define HIV and AIDS

Answer 1

HIV = human immunodeficiency virus
AIDS = acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Question 2

How HIV spread?

Answer 2

Sexual contact, blood-blood, infected blood products, vertical transfer

Question 3

Types of strains of HIV?

Answer 3

HIV1/ HIV2 –> HIV1 more common: more transmissible and pathogenic (easily mutates)

Question 4

What is HIV?

Answer 4

Retrovirus- ssRNA

Adhesins gps120/41 which bind to cell

Question 5

How does HIV cause infection and in which cells?

Answer 5

CD4 (T cell, macrophage)

• Initial attachment - gps120 bind CD4 cells
• Followed co-receptor binding CCR5/CXC4R (if CCR5 mutation - will be resistant)
• Membrane fusion and internalisation - gp41 dependent
• RNA coverted DNA - combined human DNA
• Integrate into host genome
• Immune cell reactivation - viral protein produced

Question 6

Variation in early and late infections?

Answer 6

Early - CCR5 isolated - macrophage tropic and low cytopathic effect - high transmissible
Late - CXCR4 - high cytopathic ability less transmissible - more trophic to T cells

Question 7

How does disease progress in HIV?

Answer 7

Primary infection - reduction of CD4 and dissemination of virus
-Flu like symptoms, increase plasma HIV, transient depletion CD4 –> ab built up CD4 levels rise

Clinical latency - few symptoms, CD4 levels depleted as viral load unchanged

Progressed disease
-Weight loss, fever, night sweats, infection, opportunistic infections

Question 8

Oral manifestation of HIV?

Answer 8

Thrush, candidiasis, gingival erythema, hairy leucoplakia

Question 9

Name types of drugs that can be used in HIV

Answer 9

Fusion inhibitor - prevent membrane integration
NRTIs - nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor
Integrase inhibitor - stop integration

Question 10

Mechanism of NRTI?

Answer 10

Enzyme added to chain - termination elongation of DNA

Nucleotide analogue - chain termination when RT convert RNA –> DNA

Question 11

Tx HIV

Answer 11

Highly active antiviral therapy - need to be taken regularly due to half life of drug
2NRTIs and I NNRTI

Question 12

Side effect NRTIS

Answer 12

Headache, nausea, anaemia, neutropenia

Question 13

Side effect NNRTIs

Answer 13

Nevirapine/ efavirenz

• Steven johnson syndrome - disorder of mucus membrane
• Tetragenicity

Question 14

Dental transmission HIV

Answer 14

Very low - 1/300 0.3%
Follow normal cross infection
If needle stick - prophylactic HAART

Question 15

Transmission rate Heb B, Hep C, HIV

Answer 15

30%, 3%, 0.003%