HIV Stages

Question 1

Stage 0

Answer 1

Primary Infection (Acute HIV Infection)

Description: Period from HIV infection to development of HIV-specific antibodies.

Characteristics:
-Acute HIV infection is the interval between detectable HIV RNA and first detection of antibodies.
-Persons test negative on HIV antibody test but are highly contagious.
-About 40% to 80% develop nonspecific viral symptoms (fever, fatigue, rash).
-Antibodies to HIV glycoproteins detected after 2 to 3 weeks.
-High viral replication, widespread dissemination, CD4+ T-cell destruction.

Question 2

Stage 1

Answer 2

Chronic HIV Infection

Description: Initial immune response subsides, establishing a viral set point.

Characteristics:
-Viral set point reflects equilibrium between HIV levels and immune response.
-Untreated set point can last for years and correlates with disease prognosis.
-Higher set point indicates a poorer prognosis.
-Chronic stage persists where the immune system can’t eliminate the virus.
-Prolonged, asymptomatic stage with apparent good health.
-CD4+ T-cell levels initially high but decrease over time.

Question 3

Stage 2

Answer 3

Symptomatic HIV Infection

Description: CD4+ T-lymphocyte cells decrease to between 200 and 499 cells/mm3.

Characteristics:
Previously referred to as the symptomatic stage.
Represents progression with decreasing CD4+ T-cell counts.
Patients may experience symptoms or signs of HIV-related complications.

Question 4

Stage 3

Answer 4

AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome)

Description: CD4+ T-lymphocyte count drops below 200 cells/mm3.

Characteristics:
-Diagnosis of AIDS.
-Severe immune dysfunction.
-Implications for services (disability benefits, housing, food stamps).
-Represents the most severe stage of HIV disease progression.