HIV - Schoenwald Flashcards
HIV is a disease of _____ immunity.
Cell mediated
Function of CD4 cells?
Antigen presenting cells - help make antibodies
HIV transmission can be broken down into what 3 categories?
Blood
Sexual intercourse
Perinatal
T/F? HIV can be spread through breast milk.
True
Antiretroviral therapy in a pregnant mother reduces the risk of transmission to the child by how much?
Reduces risk by 2/3
What antiretroviral is traditionally used for prevention of mother to child transmission?
AZT
AIDS is defined by?
HIV + AIDS defining illness
OR
HIV with CD4 count < 200
What is the most common presentation of HIV?
Asymptomatic pts with positive screening test
Name some common co-infections with HIV
Syphilis (always test for HIV in pts with new syphilis diagnosis)
Hep B
Other STDs
Symptoms of acute HIV?
Extreme flu like symptoms - Fever, fatigue, pharyngitis, LAD, body wide maculopapular rash
What type if pneumonia is typically only found in immunocompromised patients, and is an AIDS defining illness?
Pneumocystis jiroveci
Pneumocystis jiroveci is classified as a ______.
Fungus
What is the gold standard test for PJP?
Silver stain on sputum sample.
Classic x ray appearance of PJP?
Bilateral hilar infiltrate
almost like a butterfly pattern
Symptoms of PJP?
Fever Dry cough SOB Hypoxia Fatigue
Treatment for PJP?
High dose trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole
+/- prednisone
Should HIV patients have prophylaxis for PJP?
If CD4 < 200
What medication is used for PJP prophylaxis?
Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole
What medication should be used for PJP prophylaxis in patients with sulfa allergies?
Dapsone or inhaled pentamidine
Purple, brownish lesions common in AIDS patients?
Kaposi’s sarcoma
Kaposi’s sarcoma is caused by?
Human herpes virus 8
Treatment for Kaposi’s sarcoma?
Antiretrovirals.
Reconstituting the immune system can get rid of them.
Name 3 early indicators of HIV infection.
Thrush
oral hairy leukoplakia
Shingles
What is a retrovirus?
A RNA virus that depends on reverse transcriptase
What is the most common type of HIV in the US?
HIV 1
Where is HIV 2 found?
West Africa
Which type of HIV is more virulent?
HIV 1
HIV enters CD4 cells via what receptors?
CCR5 and CXCR4 chemokine receptors
Acute HIV infection usually occurs within what time frame after exposure?
within 12 weeks of exposure
The most current screening test for HIV is?
Combination or 4th generation testing (EIA)
- Looks for both HIV ab and p24 antigen
Confirmation of a positive Combination or 4th generation testing (EIA) is done by?
HIV rna by PCR
What test is used to measure viral load?
Ultrasensitive quantitative rna by PCR
If testing by ELISA is positive for HIV, what test is used to confirm diagnosis?
Western blot
Combination or 4th generation testing (EIA) can show positivity how long after exposure?
2-6 weeks
HIV drug resistance testing should be done when?
If viral load > 1000