Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Oral Medicine > HIV & SAIs > Flashcards

HIV & SAIs Flashcards

1
Q

What cells in a human body does HIV attack? What does this cause?

A
  • Immune cells (T lymphocytes)

- Immunosuppression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which tests are used for the diagnosis of HIV?

A
  • ELISA (antibody test)

- PCR (tests RNA of HIVE or HIV DNA in WBCs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How long is the post-infection period that a diagnosis may be negative for?

A

6-12 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What diseases are associated with HIV when CD4 cell count is reduced?

A
  • Bacterial skin infections, HSV, VZV, fungal infections
  • Kaposi’s sarcoma
  • Hairy leukoplakia, TB
  • Lymphoma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What viral co-factor is involved with Kaposi’s sarcoma?

A

HHV8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is Kaposi’s sarcoma?

A
  • Systemic vascular tumour with cutaneous presentation
  • With/ without internal involvement
  • Caused by co-virus HHV8 commonly seen in immunosuppressed pts (e.g. HIV/AIDS)
  • Lesions clinically seen as red, purple, brown or black and papular (raised/ palpable)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What therapy is involved in the treatment of HIV?

A

HAART (Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the oral manifestation lesion groupings?

A
  • Group 1 = STRONGLY associated with HIV infection
  • Group 2 = LESS COMMONLY associated with HIV infection
  • Group 3 = SEEN in HIV infection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the group 1 oral lesions seen in those infected with HIV?

A
  • Candidosis
    • -> Erythematous = angular cheilitis, denture stomatitis, median rhomboid glossitis - EARLY
    • -> Pseudomembranous - LATE
  • Hairy leukoplakia
  • Kaposi’s sarcoma
  • NHL
  • Perio diseases = linear gingival erythema, NUG (young otherwise health mouths), NUP
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the clinical appearance of oral hairy leukoplakia?

A
  • White, non-removable, corrugated lesion on the lateral surface of tongue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the histological appearance of oral hair leukoplakia?

A
  • Hyperkeratosis
  • Epitehlial hyperplasia (koilocyte-like cells)
  • EBV
  • No infiltrate cells (clear evidence of immunosuppression)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the group 2 oral lesions seen in those infected with HIV?

A
  • Ulceration (not otherwise specified); usually apthous (from trauma)
  • Wide range viral infections (HSV, HPV, VZV)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the clinical features of a HSV I/II infection?

A
  • Pyrexia, sore mouth and throat, lymphadenopathy
  • Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis (widespread vesicles –> painful ulcers)
  • Recurrent herpes labialis
  • 2 primary infections may occur (secondary infection not protected by first)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the treatment for HSV I/II infections?

A
  • Self-limiting –> bed rest, paracetamol, fluids

- Aciclovir; will only help things settle quicker but only effective BEFORE vesicular stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the group 3 oral lesions seen in those infected with HIV?

A
  • Wide range of rare bacterial/ fungal infections

- Unusual things including facial palsy and trigeminal neuralgia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the causes for UPPER motor neurone facial palsies?

A
  • Stroke
  • Cerebral tumour
  • Trauma
17
Q

What are the causes for LOWER motor neurone facial palsies?

A
  • Middle ear infections (mastoiditis, esp chronic/ recurrent)
  • MS
  • HIV
  • Lyme’s disease (tick bites)
  • Parotid tumour
  • Ramsay-Hunt Syndrome (shingles complication)
  • Idiopathic (Bell’s palsy)
18
Q

Which half of the face (upper/lower) is affected by a LMN lesion?

A

BOTH

19
Q

What is the treatment for a facial palsy?

A
  • Prednisolone 50-80mg (orally) every morning for 10 days (NOT antiviral but steroid to reduce compression of nerve)
  • Protect cornea of eye with eye patch
20
Q

What bacteria causes gonorrhoea?

A

N. gonorrhoea

21
Q

How does gonorrhoea affect men?

A

Infection of urethra

22
Q

How does gonorrhoea affect women?

A
  • Infection of cervix

- Pelvic inflammation –> infertility

23
Q

What are the oral manifestation of gonorrhoea?

A
  • Dry/ burning of mouth
  • Diffuse mucosal erythema
  • Lymphadenopathy
24
Q

How is gonorrhoea diagnosed?

A
  • Swab culture and sensitivity
25
Q

What is the treatment for gonorrhoea?

A

AB

26
Q

What bacteria causes syphillis?

A

T. pallidum (spirochaete)

27
Q

What are the primary presentation of syphillis?

A

(3 weeks post-infection)
- Chancres (painless round ulcers) around lips, genitals

Resolves in 2-3 months

28
Q

What are the secondary presentation of syphillis?

A

(1-4 months post-infection)

  • Macular/ generalised skin rash
  • Oral papules
  • ‘Snail-track’ ulcers

Resolves 2-6 weeks

29
Q

What are the tertiary presentation of syphillis?

A

(Years later post-infection)

  • Gumma of palate (form of granuloma)
  • Atrophic glossitis
  • Any organ may be affected
30
Q

How is syphillis diagnosed?

A

Serology with AB testing

31
Q

What is the treatment for syphillis?

A

High dose penicillin or tetracycline

32
Q

What bacterial causes clamydia?

A

Clamydia trachomatis (obligate intracellular pathogen)

33
Q

How does clamydia affect men?

A
  • Urethritis (burning, urinary freq, discharge)
  • Prostatitis
  • Epididymitis
34
Q

How does clamydia affect women?

A
  • Often asymptomatic
  • Dysuria
  • Cervical discharge
  • Pelvic inflammatory disease –> infertility
35
Q

What is the treatment for clamydia?

A

AB

Oral Medicine (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions