HIV & pod patients Flashcards
what is the most common cause of AIDS in the world?
HIV-1
which HIV strain is more related to the simian retro viruses?
HIV-2 (less common and less pathogenic mostly isolated in west africa)
The immune defect of AIDS is seen in which cell type?
T4 lymphocytes
What is the cellular receptor for HIV?
CD4 + surface moelcules
What is the screening test? confirmatory test for HIV?
ELISA-screening test
Western blot- confirmatory test
what does HIV PCR detect?
specific DNA and RNA sequences taht indicates presence of HIV in genetic structure
what is the group 1 acute infection like?
acute mononucleosis like syndrome- characterized by fever, rash, malaise, and lymphadenoapthy
what is group 2 asymptomatic infection like?
chronically infected, serology positive, virus culture positive, no clinical manifestations
what is group 3 persistent generalized lymphadenopathy?
palpable enlarged lymph node (>1cm) at 2+ extrainguinal sites persisting for more than 3 months
*all test results positive
What is the critical CD4 count?
below 350 cells/ml
what diseases are associated with a critical CD4 count below 350 cells/ml?
Herpes simplex virus tuberculosis oral or vaginal thrush Herpes zoster* Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma Kaposi's sarcoma
Which diseases are associated with a CD4 count below 200 cells/ml?
pneumocystis carinii
candida esophagitis
bacillary angiomatosis
which diseases are associated with a CD4 count below 100 cells/ml?
(will see more of the neurological manifestations)
- cryptococcal meningitis
- AIDS dementia
- toxoplasmosis encephalitis
- wasting syndrome
which diseases are associated with a CD4 count below 50 ml?
Mycobacterium avium
Cytomegalovirus
what 2 main groups of HIV manifestations are seen in pod patients/
primary (neurotrophic)
secondary (lymphotrophic)
What are the primary (neurotrophic) manifestations?
- encephalopathy: 90%
- meningitis: 10%
- myelopathy: 12%
- myopathy
- neuropathy: 10-50%
What are the secondary (lymphotrophic) manifestations?
metabolic and toxic
neoplasms
opportunistic
vascular complications
what is aka Aids Dementia complex?
encephalopathy
what is distal symmetrical polyneuropathy?
affects sensory nerves first before motor nerves
*characterized by painful, burning feet
What is maximal neurological dysfunction for Guillian Barr syndomre?
1 month (acute course)
Which disease is associated with cytomegalovirus?
progressive lumbosacral polyradiculomyelopathy
what are some early signs of progressive lumbosacral polyradiculomyelopathy?
urinary retention
sphincter dysfunction
What is the tetrad of REiter’s syndrome?
urethritis
conjunctivitis
arthritis
mucocutaneous lesion
what are the MSK manifestations of HIV ?
psoriatic arthritis Reiter's Myopathy tenosynovitis non-specific arthritis
which MSK disease is this: patient has strength in the AM but it gradually decreases
myasthenia gravis
which MSK disease is this: strength is weak in the AM but gradually increases as day goes on.
eaton-lambert syndrome
eaton-lambert syndrome is associated with what cancers?
70% small or oat cell carcinoma
What dermatological manifestaions are seen in HIV?
Kaposi's sarcoma onychomycosis tinea pedis psoriasis eczema
what is pseudothrombophlebitis due to?
Kaposi’s of the venous system
-presents similar to DVT
