HIV, MRSA and Protocol

Question 1

What are the two types of HIV and what is the difference between the two?

Answer 1

HIV-1 most virulent, severe and easily transmitted. Found globally.
HIV-2 slower, somewhat milder course. Found mostly in West Africa.

Question 2

The risk of exposure from contaminated blood for HBV is __% as opposed to HIV which is __% under accidental needle stick conditions.

Answer 2

HBV 30%

HIV 3%

Question 3

Universal Precautions as defined by the CDC are use of barriers like ______, ______, ____, _____, and prevention techniques.

Answer 3

gloves, masks, gowns, and goggels

Question 4

Unlike HBV, there is no evidence that HIV is spread by _______ ________.

Answer 4

Casual contact. (shaking hands, touching, holding hands, kissing)

Question 5

The population distribution of HIV has changed since its emergence in the early 1980’s. Recently more cases are found in unprotected sex among ______ ______ couples than ____ _____ couples.

Answer 5

mixed gender couples

gay male

Question 6

What is the incubation period for HIV before signs of AIDS occur?

Answer 6

8 to 10 years

Question 7

HIV targets several cell types, including the ___ (___) lymphocyte which interrupts the cell mediated response to __________, producing immune deficiency.

Answer 7

CD4 (T4) lymphocyte

antigens

Question 8

AIDS defining infections include Pneumocystis

carnii pneumonia, cryptosporidiosis, or _______ _______.

Answer 8

Kaposi’s sarcoma.

Question 9

Additional risks to healthcare workers working with HIV patients are secondary infections such as: _______, _________, _______ and ______.

Answer 9

tuberculosis, staph infections, herpes viruses and hepatitis.

Question 10

MRSA stands for:

Answer 10

methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Question 11

There is significant risk when working with a patient with MRSA lesions. It is spread by:

Answer 11

Skin to skin contact and the majority are aquired from the healthcare setting.

Question 12

____% to ____% of the population may be carriers of MRSA.

Answer 12

25% to 30%

Question 13

The standard in the US is that any instrument that penetrates the skin or is brought into contact with mucous membranes or a ____ ____ must be _____.

Answer 13

sterile field, sterile.

Question 14

The area of highest clinical risk is addressed as __________. The phrase ______ _______ is used to that measures are strongly supported by clinical studies. _________ is used to denote that a protocol or procedure is either supported by clinical studies or strong theoretical rational.

Answer 14

Critical.
Strongly Recommended.
Recommended.

Question 15

Products designed to reduce the density of microbial life on living tissue or skin.

Answer 15

Antiseptic

Question 16

Techniques for preventing infection during invasive procedures like surgery or wound dressing.

Answer 16

Aseptic Techniques (Acupuncture is not Aseptic)

Question 17

The clean surface on which equipment will be placed or the clean skin around prepared acupuncture points.

Answer 17

Clean Field.

Question 18

The use of techniques , such as antiseptics, disinfection, sterilization hand washing, and sterilization of sharps.

Answer 18

Clean Techniques

Question 19

Disinfectants only reduce microbial pathogens and are:

Answer 19

only used on inanimate objects to reduce microbes (like bleach and Staphene)

Question 20

Sterilization

Answer 20

Destroys all microbial life

Question 21

The single most important procedure for preventing infection in a health care setting according to the CDC is:

Answer 21

Hand washing

Question 22

There are 2 types of infectious agents on the skin:

Answer 22

Transient- which are picked up by one patient and passed to another, and Resident- which lodge deeper in the skin and are a risk to immunosuppressed patients.

Question 23

Which of these treatments is sterile Acupuncture needling, cupping, seven star or plum blossom needling.

Answer 23

None. But Needles and plum blossom hammers must be sterile.

Question 24

If used needles are accidentally spilled they will

Answer 24

contaminate everything they touch. The spill area should be disinfected.

Question 25

For disinfection a first step cleanser like bleach in a 1:10 dilution can be used, but what should happen next and why?

Answer 25

Since the organic material on the contaminated surface deactivates the cleanser, a second cleaning with bleach must then be done.

Question 26

All materials used in a clean up job should be:

Answer 26

Discarded in double wrapping.

Question 27

Gloves should be worn when there is any chance of contact with body fluids. Are they needed in Acupuncture?

Answer 27

No

Question 28

Masks should be worn when:

Answer 28

There is a possibility of splashing or splattering of body fluids or with an active TB patient.

Question 29

What 3 things should be on each employers ECP or Exposure Control Plan?

Answer 29

1. Job classifications where all employees have occupational exposure.
2. Job classifications where some employees have exposure.
3. A list of tasks and procedure when occupational exposure occurs.

Question 30

If a practitioner has a needle stick accident, what are the CDC recommendations?

Answer 30

Testing the source (patient) and the practitioner for HBV, HCV and HIV.