HIV, MRSA and Protocol Flashcards
What are the two types of HIV and what is the difference between the two?
HIV-1 most virulent, severe and easily transmitted. Found globally.
HIV-2 slower, somewhat milder course. Found mostly in West Africa.
The risk of exposure from contaminated blood for HBV is __% as opposed to HIV which is __% under accidental needle stick conditions.
HBV 30%
HIV 3%
Universal Precautions as defined by the CDC are use of barriers like ______, ______, ____, _____, and prevention techniques.
gloves, masks, gowns, and goggels
Unlike HBV, there is no evidence that HIV is spread by _______ ________.
Casual contact. (shaking hands, touching, holding hands, kissing)
The population distribution of HIV has changed since its emergence in the early 1980’s. Recently more cases are found in unprotected sex among ______ ______ couples than ____ _____ couples.
mixed gender couples
gay male
What is the incubation period for HIV before signs of AIDS occur?
8 to 10 years
HIV targets several cell types, including the ___ (___) lymphocyte which interrupts the cell mediated response to __________, producing immune deficiency.
CD4 (T4) lymphocyte
antigens
AIDS defining infections include Pneumocystis
carnii pneumonia, cryptosporidiosis, or _______ _______.
Kaposi’s sarcoma.
Additional risks to healthcare workers working with HIV patients are secondary infections such as: _______, _________, _______ and ______.
tuberculosis, staph infections, herpes viruses and hepatitis.
MRSA stands for:
methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
There is significant risk when working with a patient with MRSA lesions. It is spread by:
Skin to skin contact and the majority are aquired from the healthcare setting.
____% to ____% of the population may be carriers of MRSA.
25% to 30%
The standard in the US is that any instrument that penetrates the skin or is brought into contact with mucous membranes or a ____ ____ must be _____.
sterile field, sterile.
The area of highest clinical risk is addressed as __________. The phrase ______ _______ is used to that measures are strongly supported by clinical studies. _________ is used to denote that a protocol or procedure is either supported by clinical studies or strong theoretical rational.
Critical.
Strongly Recommended.
Recommended.
Products designed to reduce the density of microbial life on living tissue or skin.
Antiseptic
Techniques for preventing infection during invasive procedures like surgery or wound dressing.
Aseptic Techniques (Acupuncture is not Aseptic)
The clean surface on which equipment will be placed or the clean skin around prepared acupuncture points.
Clean Field.
The use of techniques , such as antiseptics, disinfection, sterilization hand washing, and sterilization of sharps.
Clean Techniques
Disinfectants only reduce microbial pathogens and are:
only used on inanimate objects to reduce microbes (like bleach and Staphene)
Sterilization
Destroys all microbial life
The single most important procedure for preventing infection in a health care setting according to the CDC is:
Hand washing
There are 2 types of infectious agents on the skin:
Transient- which are picked up by one patient and passed to another, and Resident- which lodge deeper in the skin and are a risk to immunosuppressed patients.
Which of these treatments is sterile Acupuncture needling, cupping, seven star or plum blossom needling.
None. But Needles and plum blossom hammers must be sterile.
If used needles are accidentally spilled they will
contaminate everything they touch. The spill area should be disinfected.
For disinfection a first step cleanser like bleach in a 1:10 dilution can be used, but what should happen next and why?
Since the organic material on the contaminated surface deactivates the cleanser, a second cleaning with bleach must then be done.
All materials used in a clean up job should be:
Discarded in double wrapping.
Gloves should be worn when there is any chance of contact with body fluids. Are they needed in Acupuncture?
No
Masks should be worn when:
There is a possibility of splashing or splattering of body fluids or with an active TB patient.
What 3 things should be on each employers ECP or Exposure Control Plan?
- Job classifications where all employees have occupational exposure.
- Job classifications where some employees have exposure.
- A list of tasks and procedure when occupational exposure occurs.
If a practitioner has a needle stick accident, what are the CDC recommendations?
Testing the source (patient) and the practitioner for HBV, HCV and HIV.
