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HIV > HIV Drugs > Flashcards

HIV Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

what class of HIV drugs inhibit the binding of HIV to the host cell

A

CCR5 antagonist

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2
Q

what class of drugs inhibit the fusion of HIV to the outside of the cell

A

fusion inhibitors

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3
Q

what class(es) of drugs inhibit reverse transcription step of HIV life cycle

A

NNRTI and NRTI

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4
Q

what class of drugs inhibit the HIV genome is integrated into hosts nucleus

A

Integrase inhibitors

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5
Q

what class of drugs inhibit viral assembly and maturation

A

protease inhibitors

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6
Q

what drugs are NRTIs

A 
Abacabir
Didanosine
Emtricitabine
Lamivudine
Stravudine
Tenofovir
Zidovudine
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7
Q

what drugs are NNRTIs

A 
Delavirdine
Efavirenz
Etravirine
Nevirapine
Rilpivirine
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8
Q

What drugs are protease inhibitors

A 
Atazanavir
Darunavir
Fosamprenavir
Indinavir
Lopinavir
Nelfinavir
Ritonavir
Saquinavir
Tipranavir
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9
Q

what drugs are integrase inhibitors

A

Dolutegravir
Elvitegravir
Raltegravir

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10
Q

What drugs are fusion inhibitors

A

Enfuvirtide

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11
Q

what drugs are CCR5 antagonists

A

Maraviroc

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12
Q

what are the goals of Antiretroviral therapy

A

reduce HIV related morbidity and prolong survival
improve quality of life
restore and preserve immunologic function
maximally and durably suppress HIV viral load
Prevent vertical HIV transmission

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13
Q

what is the major clinical indicator of immunocompetence in HIV infections

A

CD4 T cell count

usually single most important decision to initiate therapy

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14
Q

how often is CD4 T cell count reassess in HIV patients

A

every 3-6 months

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15
Q

some main AIDS defining indications are

A 
Candidiasis
CMV
Mycobacterium avium complex
Wasting syndrome caused by HIV
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
Cryptococcus
Kaposi's sarcome
Toxoplasmosis of the brain
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16
Q

CD4 count less than 200 with pneumocystis carinii (jirveci) pneumonia what would the treatment be

A

Bactrim DS

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17
Q

CD4 count less than 100 toxoplasmosis what would the treatment be

A

Bactrim DS

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18
Q

CD4 count less than 50 with MAC what would treatment be

A

Azithromycin

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19
Q

CD4 count less than 50 with CMV what would treatment be

A

ganciclovir

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20
Q

what are the benefits of early intervention

A

maintenance of higher CD4 count
prevention of irreversible damage to immune system
decreased risk of HIV complications
decreased risk of non-opportunistic conditions

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21
Q

if considering nevirapine what does one need to consider

A

gender and pretreatment CD4 count

females greater than 250 makes greater than 400 (higher risk of liver toxicity)

22
Q

if considering abacavir what does one need to consider

A

allergy screening with HLA B5701

23
Q

co-morbititeis of HIV therapy are

A

pregnancy

TB

24
Q

when giving Complera what would one have to watch and what would you give instead

A

high viral load (over 100k)

give atripla first then when viral count goes down give complera

25
Q

what drug is known as the “Quad Pill”

A

Stribild

26
Q

Cobicistat is used with what

A

elvitegravir

27
Q

cobicistat is what kind of drug

A

potent inhibitor of CYP3A

booster (always used in combo- “Quad Pill”)

28
Q

what drug is restricted to HIV infected patients infected with CCR5 tropic virus

A

Maraviroc

29
Q

what are the adverse effects of maraviroc

A

abdominal rain, rush
upper resp tract infections
dizziness
musculoskeletal symtoms

30
Q

how is Enfuvirtide given

A

subcutaneous

31
Q

adverse effets of Enfuvirtide

A

injection side irritation (noodles and erythema)

32
Q

Enfuvirtide MOA

A

binds the first heptade-repeat (HR1) in gp41

33
Q

NNRTIs MOA

A

bind directly to the reverse transcriptase (do not need to be phosphorylated)

34
Q

side effect of NNRTIs

A

RASH in first 2-4 weeks of therapy

increased transaminase

35
Q

Steven Johnson Syndrome can be seen with use of what

A

Nevirapine (an NNRTI)

36
Q

T cell count of 500 or below is what and signifies what

A

level A1

start therapy

37
Q

what NRTI is a nucleotide not a nucleoside

A

Tenofovir

38
Q

NRTI MOA

A

phosphorylated intra-cellular then incorporate themselves to block reverse transcriptase

39
Q

viral load is obtained at initiation of therapy, when is the next viral load measured and what should be seen

A

2-8 weeks

should see a drop in viral load

40
Q

adverse reaction of Zidovudine

A

bone marrow suppression (anemia)

hyperlipidemia, insuline resistance, DM

41
Q

Tenofovir MOA allows for what

A

continued efficacy against HIB strains resistant to other reverse transcriptase inhibitors

42
Q

adverse reaction of Tenofovir

A

lactic acidosis w/ hepatic steatosis
decreased bone density
acute exacerbation of hepatitis if co-infected w/ hep B

43
Q

integrase inhibitors are used with what patients

A

experienced HIV patients

44
Q

what combination drugs are given one time daily

A

Atripla, Complera, Stribild

45
Q

cobicistat is a booster of what drugs

A

elvitegravir or atazanavir or darunavir

46
Q

what is only HIV treatment that is injected

A

Enfuvirtide (fusion inhibitor)

sub cutaneous injection

47
Q

NNRTIs must be used with what

A

2 other active agents

48
Q

quick resistance may develop against what drugs

A

NNRTIs

49
Q

what is the main side effect of NNRTIs

A

RASH

50
Q

Efavirenz side effects are

A

neuropsychiatric

51
Q

What NRTIs have been around forever

A

Didanosine
Stavudine
(only two not found in combination drugs)

HIV (2 decks)

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