HIV and AIDS Flashcards

1
Q

What does HIV bind to on WBCs?

A

CD4

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2
Q

What protein does HIV use to bind to CD4?

A

GP120

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3
Q

What happens to the infected cell after HIV enters it?

A

Migrates to lymphoid tissue

Replicates

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4
Q

What does the virus do inside the immune cell?

A

Uses reverse transcriptase to create DNA from viral RNA (it’s a retrovirus) and then integrates into the cells DNA to be transcribed and translated

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5
Q

What happens once the cell has produced lots of HIV virons?

A

The virus uses protease to mature

The virus then leaves the cell via budding

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6
Q

What is the first stage of HIV infection?

A

Primary stage

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7
Q

What symptoms may be present at the primary stage?

A

Similar to the glandj

  • Rash
  • Lymphadenopathy
  • Pharyngitis
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8
Q

What test can be done in the primary phase?

A

ACUTE PHASE SERUM

- Test for HIV antigen

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9
Q

What are the findings on early and late acute phase serums?

A
  • Early sample = antigen positive antigen negative

- Late sample = antibody positive

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10
Q

What stage follows the primary stage?

A

Seroconversion stage

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11
Q

What is the definition of the seroconversion phase?

A

Time taken for antibodies to be detectable in the blood

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12
Q

When does the seroconversion phase occur?

A

2-6 weeks post exposure

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13
Q

What symptoms can occur in the seroconversion phase?

A
  • Fever
  • Malaise
  • Pharyngitis
  • MACULOPAPULAR RASH
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14
Q

What does a short non severe seroconversion phase indicate?

A

Good prognosis

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15
Q

What does a long or severe seroconversion phase mean?

A

Poor prognosis

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16
Q

What happens to the viral load at the start of the seroconversion phase?

A

Very very low –> progressively overtakes antibodies over years

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17
Q

What is an AIDS related complex?

A

Prodromal phase of infection

18
Q

What are the symptoms of an AIDS related complex?

A
  • Fever
  • Night sweats
  • Weight loss
  • Opportunistic infection
  • > oral hairy leukoplakia
  • > oral candidiasis
  • > Seborrheic dermatitis
19
Q

First investigation?

A

ELISA

- Serum anti-HIV antibiotics

20
Q

What is the conformation test for HIV?

A

Western blot

21
Q

What else can confirm?

A

PCR

22
Q

What test can be done in developing countries?

A

Rapid antibody test

23
Q

What are the limitations of the rapid antibody test?

A

False pos/neg

Needs confirmation of western blot

24
Q

What are the 3 drug classes that can be used for treatment of HIV?

A

NNRTIs (non nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors)
NRTIs (nucleoside revere transcriptase inhibitors)
Protease inhibitors

25
Q

What are examples of NNRTIs?

A

Efavirenz

26
Q

What are examples of NRTIs?

A

Tenofavir

Zidovudine

27
Q

What are examples of protease inhibitors?

A

Saquinavir

Lopanivir

28
Q

What is the name of the treatment method for HIV?

A

HAART

- Highly active anti retroviral therapy

29
Q

What are the regimens of HAART?

A

1 NNRTI + 2 NRTIs

PI + 2NRTIs

30
Q

What are the indications for HAART?

A

CD < 350cells/mm3

Pregnancy

Co infection

Symptoms

31
Q

What should be given after a risky exposure?

A

Post exposure prophylaxis

- HAART for 28 days

32
Q

How do you monitor HIV patients?

A

CD4 count
Viral load
General bloods

33
Q

What are the bacterial complications of HIV?

A

Toxplasmosis
Cryptococcal meningitis
TB
Mycobacterium avium chest infection (VERY LOW CD)

34
Q

What are the viral complications of HIV?

A

Cytomegalovirus

JC virus

35
Q

What does the JC virus cause in HIV?

A

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

- Demyelination of CNS

36
Q

What are the fungal complications of HIV?

A

Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)

Candidiasis

37
Q

What fungus causes PCP?

A

Jiroveci fungus

38
Q

What is used to treat PCP?

A

Co trimoxazole

39
Q

What is used to treat mycobacterium avium complex?

A

Azithromycin

40
Q

What is used to treat toxoplasmosis?

A

Co trimoxazole