HIV AND AIDS Flashcards
HIV INFX IS CAUSED BY
HIV -1 OR 2
HIV 1 OR 2 IS ENVELOPED BY
RNA RETROVIRUS
HIV IS BELONGS TO
LENTIVIRUS GENUS
HIV HAS (SHORT/LONG) INCUBATING PERIODS
LONG
DESC HIV 1
HIV 1
- CAN BE FOUND WORLDWIDE
- IT IS RELATED TO THE VIRUSES THAT IS FOUND IN THE CHIMPANZEES AND GORILLAS LOCATED AT THE WESTERN AFRICA
- HIV-1 GROUP M VIRUS PREDOMINATE AND ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE AIDS PANDEMIC.
- THERE ARE ALSO HIV 1 GRP N AND O
- GROUP M CAN BE FURTHER DIVIDED INTO A-K BASED ON THE SEQUENCE DATA WHICH IS ENV AND GAG GENES.
DESC HIV 2
HIV 2
- VIRUSES ARE RELATED TO THE VIRUS THAT CAN BE FOUND IN THE ENDANGERED WEST AFRICAN PRIMATE SOOTY MANGABEY.
- IT CAN BE FOUND IN WEST AFRICA.
- IT CAN BE FURTHER DIVIDED INTO A- H GROUPS
- IT IS LESS VIRULENT AND LESS TRANSMISSIBLE WHEN COMPARED TO HIV -1
- IT TENDS TO PROGRESS MORE SLOWLY TO ACQUIRED AIDS
HIV CONTAIN
- ___ SPECIES DEFINING RETROVIRAL GENES
- ___ REGULATORY GENES
HIV CONTAIN
- 3 SPECIES DEFINING RETROVIRAL GENES
- 6 REGULATORY GENES
STATE 3 GENES THAT CAN BE FOUND IN THE HIV AND ITS FUNCTION.
- gag such as p24, p7, p17
- nucleocapsid, matrix (p17) - pol such as RT protease and integrase
- transcribe RNA genome into DNA, cleaves precursor polypeptides, integrates viral DNA into host cell DNA - env such as GP120, gp41
- attachment to CD4 protein, fusion with host cell
STATE 2 REGULATORY GENES AND ACCESSORY GENE IN HIV RESPECTIVELY.
REGULATORY GENES
1. tat
2. rev
ACCESSORY GENES
1. vpr
2. vpu
DESC HIV REPLICATION
- HIV ENTER THE HOST CELL
- THE GP120 OF THE VIRUS CELL WILL BIND TO THE CD4 OF THE HOST CELL
- THE GP120 WILL INTERACT WITH THE SECOND PROTEIN WHICH ARE CXCR4/CCR5 ON THE CELL SURFACE
- GP41 PROTEIN WILL STIMULATE THE FUSION OF THE VIRAL ENVELOPE WITH THE CELL MEMBRANE OF THE HOST.
- RT AND THE RNA GENOME WILL ENTER THE CYTOPLASM
- IN THE CYTOPLASM, THE RT WILL TRANSCRIBE THE RNA GENOME INTO DNA
- THEN IT WILL MIGRATE TO NUCLEUS WHERE IT WILL INTEGRATE INTO THE HOST CELL DNA.
- IN NUCLEUS, NEW VIRAL RNA IS TRANSCRIBED AND FORMED FROM THE PROVIRAL DNA BY RNA POLYMERASE OF THE HOST CELL
- THE NEW VIRAL RNA IS USED AS GENOMIC RNA AND TRANSLATED INTO POLYPROTEIN IN THE CYTOPLASM
- THEN IT WILL BUDS FROM THE CELL MEMBRANE .
- NEW VIRAL RNA AND PROTEIN MOVE TO THE CELL SURFACE -> FORMING IMMATURE HIV
- THE VIRUS MATURES BY PROTEASE RELEASING INDIVIDUAL HIV PROTEIN.
PREDISPOSING FACTORS OF HIV
- UNPROTECTED SEXUAL INTERCOURSE ESP ANAL INTERCOURSE
- MULTIPLE SEXUAL PARTNER
- STDs SUCH AS
- GONORRHEA AND CHLAMYDIA
- SYPHILLIS
- HERPES GENITALIS (HIGHEST RISK) - SHARE IVD
- MUCOSAL CONTACT WITH INFECTED BLOOD OR SHARP INJURIES.
HIV CAN BE TRANSMITTED FROM MOTHER TO FETUS VIA
- DURING PREGNANCY
- DELIVERY
- BREASTMILK
PATHOGENESIS OF HIV AND AIDS
- HIV ENTER THE HOST CELL
- BIND TO CD4+ T CELL (HELPER T CELL) BY GP120
- SECONDARY BINDING BY GP41 TO CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR.
- INITIALLY, THE CYTOTOXIC T CELL INCREASES AND LEAD TO REDUCTION IN VIREMIA AND FORMATION OF NEUTRALIZING AB.
- BY TIME, THE CMI IS SUPPRESS RESULTING IN THE FAILURE TO ELIMINATE THE INFECTION
- HENCE THE REPLICATION OF THE VIRUS INCREASE
- HIV PERSIST, CMI CONTINUES TO DEPLETE, HENCE PATIENT BECOME INFECTIOUS FOR LIFE.
- OVER THE YEARS, IT WILL LEAD TO OI AND AIDS
STATE THE EFFECTS OF HIV FROM THE PATHOGENESIS.
HIV
- INFECT CD4 CELLS AND KILLS THEM -> SUPPRESSION OF CMI -> OI AND CANCER
- INFECT CELLS OF MACROPHAGE -> CLINICAL LATENCY
- CAUSE LYTIC INFX -> CD4 T CELLS AND PERSISTENT LOW LEVEL PRODUCTIVE INFECTION OF MACROPHAGE LINEAGE CELSS -> DYSREGULATION OF IMMUNE FX
- CAUSE SYNCYTIA FORMATION WITH CELLS EXPRESSING LARGE AMOUNT OF CD4 ANTIGEN -> LYSIS OF THE CELL -> IMMUNODEFFICIENCY
HIV UNDERGOES (SHIFT/DRIFT/BOTH)
ANTIGENIC DRIFT OF GRP120
