HIV and AIDs

Question 1

HIV is considered non-contagious. How is it spread?

Answer 1

1) Blood
2) Semen
3) Pre-seminal fluid
4) Rectal fluids
5) Vaginal fluids
6) Breast milk

Question 2

What is the chance of HIV infection from a needle stick?

Answer 2

0.3%

Question 3

List the rank of HIV exposure

Answer 3

blood transfusion > receptive anal intercourse > needle sharing > needle stick > insertive anal intercourse > receptive penile-vaginal intercouse > insertive penile-vaginal intercourse

Question 4

About _____ of new diagnoses of HIV are in women

Answer 4

20%

Question 5

The majority of new HIV infections are in the _____, with a disproportionate number in minority populations

Answer 5

MSM

Question 6

About how many people are infected with HIV and unaware of their infection

Answer 6

1 in 7

Question 7

20% of the initial diagnosis of HIV is with _______

Answer 7

a co-diagnosis of AIDS

This means that the patient was HIV positive for years before learning their HIV status

Question 8

______ are effective at HIV prevention, but only if used EVERY TIME

Answer 8

Condoms

Question 9

T/F: There is no difference in the number of new infections in ‘sometimes’ and ‘never’ used condom grousp

Answer 9

True

Question 10

What is PrEP?

Answer 10

A daily pill that is a combination of two HIV drugs used to treat HIV or a long-acting injectable

Question 11

What needs to happen while taking PrEP?

Answer 11

Need to be tested frequently while taking (need to be tested for HIV before treatment)

Question 12

Would you ever treat a person infected with HIV with just one class of HIV drugs?

Answer 12

NEVER! Resistance is likely to develop. That is why it’s necessary to test for HIV before PrEP. If the person were positive for HIV, they would be treated with drugs from two different classes

Question 13

______ effectively prevents HIV infection if taken correctly

Answer 13

PrEP

Question 14

In studies with discordant couples (one living with HIV and the other is not), where the cART treated partner with HIV has undetectable virus levels, what was the result?

Answer 14

There was no transmission to the HIV negative partner

Question 15

What should you do if you had an exposure event with HIV infected fluid?

Answer 15

1) Start cART as soon as possible. The absolute best is within 2 hours but it should be started within 72 hours
2) Continue taking the drug for 28 days

Question 16

Without treatment, transmission of HIV occurs in _____ of pregnancies

Answer 16

25%

Question 17

What is the best case scenario for HIV in pregnancy?

Answer 17

-The mother is virally suppressed before the pregnancy. Otherwise, the earlier the viral load is suppressed in the mother, the better
-The baby is also treated

Question 18

When all recommendation are followed, the transmission of HIV from mother to baby is _____

Answer 18

<1%

Question 19

In regards to HIV, what is the window period?

Answer 19

It is the time from infection until the time most everyone will show up positive.

She is showing a range for the window period. The lower number is when most people will show up positive. The higher number is when almost 100% of people will become positive if infected

Question 20

What has to be the case to ensure the HIV test is a true negative?

Answer 20

The possible HIV exposure has to be before the higher of the two numbers.

Ex: The rapid antibody test has a range of 3wks-3mo. The exposure should be 3mo earlier than the test date to be sure the person is a true negative.

Question 21

Do positive HIV tests need to be confirmed?

Answer 21

Yes, because there are false positives

Question 22

When is an AIDS diagnosis made?

Answer 22

1) If the patient has an AIDS-defining opportunistic infection regardless of CD4 T cell count, they are considered to have ADIS
2) A person with HIV and a CD4 count of less 200 CD4 T cells is also defined as having AIDS

Question 23

List common infections that happen with HIV in the oral cavity

Answer 23

1) Thrush/Oral Candidiasis
2) Kaposi’s sarcoma, an aids defining cancer, is caused by Human Herpes Virus (HHV-8)
3) Oral Hairy Leukoplakia is caused by the herpesvirus Epstein Barr virus (EBV)
4) Oral herpes sores are caused by the herpesvirus Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1)
5) Oral warts are caused by human papillomavirus infections (HPV)

*These infections occur when the CD4 count is higher than 200 cell/ml