HIV/AIDS Flashcards
what is HIV in general
retrovirus that attacks CD4 T-lymphocyctes
from non-human primates in west-central africa
transmission of HIV
non-sterile syringes or tools
pregnancy and breast feeding - vertical
blood transfusion
organ transplant
unprotected sex - MC
sx of acute HIV
fever
HA
night sweat
sore throat
muscle and joint pain
mouth ulcer
swollen lymph nodes on neck
fatigue
chills
usual flu except mouth ulcer
discuss acute HIV
initial stage of infection
virus rapidly multiplies and spreads
2-4 wks p infection - seroconversion illness
risk factors of HIV
MSM
unsafe sex
IV drugs
vertical transmissions
blood transfusions
HIV testing options
blood test - standard POC
- nucleic acid test
home - rapid POC
- at home tests
rapid POC
antigen and antibodies
20 mins
standard POC
antibodies
5-10 days
at home tests
antibodies
20 mins to 1 day
nucleic acid test
HIV RNA
a few days
for people c high-risk exposure or early sx
discuss pathophysiology of HIV
HIV attach to glycoproteins then integrates retroviral RNA
takes over cell and replicates - cell dies and infects CD4 cells
virions infect other cells
loss of CD4 = inability ot have immune response
significance of CD4 T lymphocytes
most reliable indicator of progression and guide tx
what are CD4 T lymphocytes
produce in bone marrow and matures in thymus
normal: 500-1500 cells/mm3
HIV s ART: dec of 50-80 cells/yr
indicates AIDS: < 200 cells
characteristics of HIV
attacks immune system
usually progress to AIDS but can be stopped with ART
characteristics of AIDS
advance stage of HIV
immune system unable to fight all opportunistic infections
2-3 yrs life expectancy s treatment
CD4 < 200 and c ssx of infection
HIV/AIDS progression
HIV infects mucosa
CD4 cell destruction
attach to dendritic cells then travel to lymphoid
replicate then viremia spreads through circulation
immune response - partial containment seroconversion of CD8+
stage 1 of HIV
acute HIV
rapid reproduction
develops flu like sx
stage 2 of HIV
asymptomatic
slow reproduction of HIV and gradual reduction of CD4 cells
no external sx
stage 3 of HIV
symptomatic
low level of CD4
opportunistic infections or malignancy - HPV
what is anti-retroviral therapy
not curative but can provide longer lives and reduce transmission
usually for serodiscordant couples
U=U - undetectable and untransmissable
3 drugs or more + boosters
60-80% decline in hospi and deaths
important side effect of ART
can cause high cholesterol - cardiac shit is most common morbidity
long QT syndrome - torsades de pointes
- V-tach: > 200 bpm = syncope or SCD via v-fib
discuss PrEP
pre-exposure prophylaxis
before HIV exposure inom na - sex, drug use or kung ano man
if at risk - maka encounter ka with HIV or gamit na meron
consistent use prevents 99% from sex and 74% from injection
PEP
post-exposure prophy
within 72 hrs p exposure - emergency
taken for a month
exposed during, sex, rape, needle stick
can prevent but not alw effective - START ASAP
effect of HIV to cardiac system
chest pain, SOB, fatigue
jugular distention
abnormal heart sounds
pericarditis
