HIV Flashcards
What cells are effected by HIV
CD4 helper T cells
What do CD4 helper cells do?
- enhance immune response
- tell B cells to make antibodies
How does HIV retrovirus infect cells?
reverse transcriptase to make RNA into DNA
Acute HIV infection
2-6 weeks after exposure will have flu-like illness (rash on upper trunk, neck and face, ulcers)
-HIGHLY infectious
Labs:
HIV Ab –>negative
HIV RNA (viral load) –> extremely HIGH >100,000
Elevated LFTs
Leukopenia
Anemia
Thrombocytopenia
When would you expect a patient infected with HIV to seroconvert (become antibody positive)?
within 3 months
HIV symptoms
- Oral hairy leukoplakia (viral=EBV)
- Karposi’s sarcoma***
- Recurrent HZV
- Night sweats
- Lymphadenopathy
- Prolonged diarrhea
Normal CD4 Tcell count
600-1200 cells/mcL
When can you diagnose AIDS
- CD4 Tcell count is below 200
or
- HIV (+) and AIDS defining condition
CD4 Tcell count <200
Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia
-airborne fungus
-Severe hypoxemia out of proportion*
CXR: diffuse perihilar infiltrates
DX: sputum sample. LDH elevation
Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumona: treatment
Bactrim DS
CD4 Tcell count <100
Toxoplasmosis
Toxoplasmosis
cause: single celled parasite toxoplasma gondii
Clinical manifestation: encephalitis –>MC intracranial lesion in HV
Dx:
- Multiple contrast-enhancing
- Lesions on brain CT or MRI
- Seropositive for Toxoplasmosis
CD4 Tcell count <50
Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)
Mycobacterium avium complex
cause: mycobacterium avium
clinical presentation:
systemic disease
Dx:
- sputum acid fast bacillus stain (+)
- positive blood cultures
CD4 Tcell count <50
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis
