HIV

Question 1

Subtypes of HIV

Answer 1

HIV-1

HIV-2

Question 2

HIV-1 is most common where

Answer 2

in Europe and US

Question 3

HIV-2 is most common where

Answer 3

Africa

Question 4

Subtypes of HIV-1

Answer 4

1. subtype B
2. subtype C
3. subtype E

Question 5

HIV-1 subtype B is predominant where

Answer 5

US

Question 6

HIV-1 subtype C is predominant where

Answer 6

Africa and India

Question 7

HIV-1 subtype E is predominant where

Answer 7

southeast asia

Question 8

HIV subtypes can reveal important information about

Answer 8

transmission

e.g., HIV-1 is more easily transmitted from mother to child than HIV-2

Question 9

What populations are most seriously affected by HIV

Answer 9

1. gay
2. bisexual
3. mhsm
   4.

Question 10

who has the highest infection rate of HIV in the US

Answer 10

blacks

Question 11

Which populations are most likely to be diagnosed with HIV late

Answer 11

1. Black
2. hispanic
3. heterosexual

Question 12

Current screening guidelines for HIV

Answer 12

1. high-risk behaviors- test annually
2. all pregnant women
3. document informed consent
4. patients can opt-out

Question 13

what percent of teens don’t use condoms during most recent sexual encounter

Answer 13

38%

Question 14

Of the teens estimated to be infected with HIV, what percent have never been tested and are unaware of their infection

Answer 14

50%

Question 15

Teens prefer to receive sexual education from whom

Answer 15

their PCP

Question 16

HIV testing specific recommendations

Answer 16

1. everyone age 13-64
2. stop testing only if diagnostic yield is < 1/1000 new patients
3. test if new STI complaint
4. test all who is treated for TB
5. incorporate HIV consent with general consent form
6. encourage couples to test before new relationship/sex
7. if at risk screen at well visits

Question 17

HIV risk factors for adolescents

Answer 17

1. Injection-drug user and their sex partner
2. those who exchange sex for money
3. sex with partner with HIV
4. women with male sexual partner who has sex with other men
5. heterosexual with more than one sex partner since most recent HIV test

Question 18

Symptoms of HIV develop within what length of time

Answer 18

4-6 weeks:
During this period:
  1. burst of viremia
  2. HIV antibody will be negative
  3. patients are highly contagious

Question 19

Duration of HIV symptoms

Answer 19

2-3 weeks then resolve spontaneously so many will be misdiagnosed

Question 20

Clinical presentation of HIV: probable symptoms

Answer 20

1. fever
2. fatigue
3. rash
4. headache
5. lymphadenopathy
6. pharyngitis
7. myalgias/arthralgias

Question 21

Clinical presentation of HIV: possible symptoms

Answer 21

1. nausea
2. vomiting
3. diarrhea
4. night sweats
5. aseptic meningitis
6. oral ulcers
7. genital ulcers
8. thrombocytopenia
9. leukopenia
10. elevated liver enzymes

Question 22

Crucial markers of HIV

Answer 22

presence of rash and/or oral ulcers

Question 23

HIV interventions

Answer 23

1. assess for risk factors {recent exposure, needles, new partners, drug use}
2. order an HIV RNA
3. order and HIV antibody to rule out previous infection
4. HIV p24 antigen test is available