HIV Flashcards
Subtypes of HIV
HIV-1
HIV-2
HIV-1 is most common where
in Europe and US
HIV-2 is most common where
Africa
Subtypes of HIV-1
- subtype B
- subtype C
- subtype E
HIV-1 subtype B is predominant where
US
HIV-1 subtype C is predominant where
Africa and India
HIV-1 subtype E is predominant where
southeast asia
HIV subtypes can reveal important information about
transmission
e.g., HIV-1 is more easily transmitted from mother to child than HIV-2
What populations are most seriously affected by HIV
- gay
- bisexual
- mhsm
4.
who has the highest infection rate of HIV in the US
blacks
Which populations are most likely to be diagnosed with HIV late
- Black
- hispanic
- heterosexual
Current screening guidelines for HIV
- high-risk behaviors- test annually
- all pregnant women
- document informed consent
- patients can opt-out
what percent of teens don’t use condoms during most recent sexual encounter
38%
Of the teens estimated to be infected with HIV, what percent have never been tested and are unaware of their infection
50%
Teens prefer to receive sexual education from whom
their PCP
HIV testing specific recommendations
- everyone age 13-64
- stop testing only if diagnostic yield is < 1/1000 new patients
- test if new STI complaint
- test all who is treated for TB
- incorporate HIV consent with general consent form
- encourage couples to test before new relationship/sex
- if at risk screen at well visits
HIV risk factors for adolescents
- Injection-drug user and their sex partner
- those who exchange sex for money
- sex with partner with HIV
- women with male sexual partner who has sex with other men
- heterosexual with more than one sex partner since most recent HIV test
Symptoms of HIV develop within what length of time
4-6 weeks: During this period: 1. burst of viremia 2. HIV antibody will be negative 3. patients are highly contagious
Duration of HIV symptoms
2-3 weeks then resolve spontaneously so many will be misdiagnosed
Clinical presentation of HIV: probable symptoms
- fever
- fatigue
- rash
- headache
- lymphadenopathy
- pharyngitis
- myalgias/arthralgias
Clinical presentation of HIV: possible symptoms
- nausea
- vomiting
- diarrhea
- night sweats
- aseptic meningitis
- oral ulcers
- genital ulcers
- thrombocytopenia
- leukopenia
- elevated liver enzymes
Crucial markers of HIV
presence of rash and/or oral ulcers
HIV interventions
- assess for risk factors {recent exposure, needles, new partners, drug use}
- order an HIV RNA
- order and HIV antibody to rule out previous infection
- HIV p24 antigen test is available
