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1. DIT Primer > HIV > Flashcards

HIV Flashcards

1
Q

Antiplatelet antibodies

A

ITP

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2
Q

Bamboo spine on x-ray

A

Ankylosing spondylitis

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3
Q

Webbing of neck, short stature

A

Turner syndrome

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4
Q

Painful, raised lesions on finger pads

Fever

A

Osler’s nodes (infective endocarditis

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5
Q

Dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis

A

Sjogren Syndrome

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6
Q

Posterior cervical adenopathy

A

EBV
Cat scratch disease
Otitis media

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7
Q

Low serum ceruloplasmin

A

Wilson disease

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8
Q

Coreceptors of HIV

A

CCR5
CXCR4

tropism - some viruses like to attach to certain coreceptors

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9
Q

Cells with CCR5

A

Macrophages

Dendritic cells

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10
Q

cells with CXCR4

A

CD4+ T cells

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11
Q

structure genes

A

gag
env
pol

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12
Q

gag

A

p24 capsid protein

p17 matrix protein

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13
Q

env

A

gp120

gp41

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14
Q

pol

A

Reverse transcriptase

Integrase

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15
Q

diagnosis of AIDS

A
  • CD4 < 200
  • % of CD4 cells <14%
  • Opportunistic infection (PCP)
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16
Q
  • Interstitial infiltrates on CXR

- CD4 count <200

A

PCP

Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia

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17
Q

CD4 count <50

A

MAC / MAI

Mycobacterium avium complex

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18
Q
  • Systemic disease with hepatosplenomegaly, fever, cough in AIDS patient
  • CD4 count <150
  • Bird / Bat droppings
  • Ohio and Mississippi river valleys
A

Histoplasma capsulatum

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19
Q

AIDS patient with meningitis

A

Crytococcal meningitis

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20
Q

AIDS patient with mutliple ring-enhancing lesions on brain MRI

A

Toxoplasmosis

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21
Q

AIDS patient with solitary ring-enhancing lesions

A

Primary CNS lymphoma

22
Q

CD4 <50
Cotton-wool spots on retina
“Owl’s eye” nuclear inclusions
Tx?

A

CMV retinitis

Tx: ganciclovir

23
Q

Reactivation of latent JC virus

A

PML

Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy

24
Q

Chronic watery diarrhea

Significant wasting

A

Crytosporidiosis

25
Q

Oral Thrush vs. Oral hairy leukoplakia (EBV)

A

Oral thrush – can scrape off

26
Q

Kaposi sarcoma

What number herpes?

A

HHV-8

27
Q

Malignancies associated with HIV

A

Usually viral

  • HHV-8 (Kaposi)
  • EBV (Lymphoma / NHL)
  • HPV (cervical, /vaginal carcinoma)
28
Q

abx ppx when CD4 <200

A

PCP

  • TMP-SMX
  • Dapsone (monitor G6PD)
  • Pentamidine (aerosolized)
29
Q

abx ppx when CD4 <100

A

Toxoplasmosis (if positive IgG)

  • TMP-SMX
  • Dapsone + Pentamidine + Leucovorin
30
Q

abx ppx when CD4 <50

A

MAC

- Azithromycin

31
Q

abx ppx when CD4 <150

A

Histoplasmosis

- Itraconazole

32
Q

Most common causes of DIC

A 
"STOP Making Thrombi"
S: sepsis
T: trauma
O: obstetric complications
P: pancreatitis
M: malignancy
T: transfusion
33
Q

Most common cause of death in Lupus patients

A

Renal failure from lupus nephropathy

34
Q
  • skin hyperpigementation
  • hypotension
  • weakness
  • malaise
  • anorexia
  • wt loss
A

Addison Disease

autoimmune disease that attack adrenals, adrenal atrophy, decreased aldosterone and cortisol

35
Q

HAART treatment

A

Everyone w/ HIV regardless of CD4

Definitely in anyone w/ CD4 <350 or AIDS

36
Q

Ritonavir

A

Protease inhibitor (pol gene)

MC side effect: GI intolerance

“boost” other drugs by inhibit P450

Hyperglycemia

Lipodystrophy (Cushing-like)

Pancreatitis (not common)

37
Q

Atazanavir, Indinavir

A

Protease inhibitor (pol gene)

GI Intolerance

Nephrolithiasis (Indinavir, Atazanavir)

Increased bilirubin (Atazanavir)

38
Q 
Zidovudine
Didanosine
Lamivudine
Abacavir
Emtricitabine

Mechanism

Major side effect

A

NRTI - nucleoside

  • Inhibit HIV reverse transcriptase
  • Nucleoside analogs
  • Competitive inhibitors
  • Must be phosphorylated or activated by thymidine kinase

Lactic Acidosis (all NRTIs)

39
Q

Tenofovir

A

NtRTI - nucleoTide

40
Q

Zidovudine (AZT)

indications and side effects

A

Newborns born to HIV (+) mothers

Bone Marrow suppression (anemia, leukopenia)

41
Q

Occupational exposure

A

3 drug regimen, 4 weeks

42
Q

Didanosine

indications and side effects

A

Pancreatits
Peripheral neuropathy
Hepatic steatosis

43
Q

Abacavir

indications and side effects

A

Hypersensitivity reaction

44
Q

Nevirapine
Delavirdine
Efavirenz
Rilpivirine

mechanism

A

NNRTIs

non-competitively inhibit reverse transcriptase

Do NOT require phosphorylation to be active

45
Q

Fusion inhibitor

Name, indications and side effects

A

Enfuvirtide - last effort after failure of other therapy

  • given by injection
  • expensive
  • injection site reactions
  • increased risk of bacterial pneumonia
46
Q

Integrase inhibitor

A

Raltegravir
Elvitegravir
Dolutegravir

47
Q

Raltegravir

side effects

A

Nausea
Rash
Myopathy

48
Q

CCR5 antagonist

A

Maraviroc

49
Q

Maraviroc

A

Binds CCR5, inhibits gp120 conformational change so virus cannot bind host cell

50
Q

NNRTIs

A

Nevirapine
Delavirdine
Efavirenz
Rilpivirine

51
Q

Given to pregnant women with HIV

A

Zidovudine given to pregnant women who are not on antiretroviral therapy during their pregnancy .
Pregnant women already on control with ART stay with HAART.

1. DIT Primer (6 decks)

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