HIV Flashcards
S3Q5
HIV: HIV - Stages
stage 1 - (2)
stage 2 - (6) + where (4) + sx (2), weight
stage 3 - (6), weight, 1 month (5)
stage 2: URTI, stage 3: oral thrash & DUMPI
STAGE 1 (ASYMP)
- asymp, lymphedenopathy (large)
STAGE 2 (MILD)
- weight loss 5-10%
- URTI, mouth ulcer, cracked lips, herpes, seborrhea (oil)
- prurigo: itchy rash at arms, legs, abdomen, upper back
STAGE 3 (MOD)
- weight loss >10%
- oral thrush (yeast), oral hairy, pulmonary TB, TB lymphadenopathy, leukoplakia, necrotizing gingivitis
- 1 month: diarrhea, unexplained fever, muscle infection, pneumonia, bacterial infection
HIV: HIV - Stages
stage 4 - (5), kaposi where (3), toxo, visceral leishmaniasis sx (3.2)
extra sx (3)
STAGE 4 (SEVERE/AIDS)
- esophageal thrush, lymphoma, pneumocystic pneumonia, extrapulmonary TB, HIV wasting
- kaposi sarcoma: mouth, anal, stomach
- toxoplasma brain abscess
- visceral leishmaniasis: enlarged liver & spleen, fever, weight loss, anemia
EXTRA SX
- night sweats, chills, fatigue
HIV: HIV - Patho
virus type, x=1 + count
HIV attaches to what which has what -> into what -> more what -> (2)
how many x cells per year if untreated
tx focus (2) via (1)
detect x transmit, risk factor (3), transmission (5)
- retrovirus
- CD4 become lower (<200) = can’t defend
- HIV attaches to host cell which has glycoprotein -> integrate into retroviral RNA -> generate more viral protein -> host cell die, more CD4 infected
- 50-80 cells/uL per year if untreated
tx focus
- opportunistic infections
- dec viral load via antiretroviral therapy (ARV)
transmission
- undetectable = not transmissable
- risk: IV, vertical, blood transfusion
- route: unsterilized syringe, pregnancy & breastfeeding, blood, organ, sex
HIV: HIV - Dx, Prognosis, Tx
dx - screening when, (4) + for
prognosis - major cause of morbidity & mortality
tx - orthosis, mask, precaution, dec (1)
DX
- screen every few months
- antibody, antigen, at home (antibody), nucleus acid (for high exposure)
PROGNOSIS
- cardiovascular as major cause
- lifespan: tx = >10y, no tx=<2y
- develop AIDS 8y after infection
TX
- orthotic sandals
- positive expiratory pressure mask
- wear PPE
- dec fats
HIV: HIV - Systems
cardio - (6) + d/t (1), drug side effects (6)
pulmo - infectious (2), non-infectious (5), signs (4)
oropharyngeal - (4), sx (4)
drug: CNS, non: SLENK, signs: CART, oro: hepa, sx: constipation
CARDIO
- pericarditis: d/t extrapulmonary TB
- abnormal heart sound, distended jugular veins, chest pain, SOB, fatigue
- drug: CNS, lactic acidosis, drug sensitivity, hyperlipidemia, kidney, liver
PULMO
- infectious: acute bronchitis, URTI
- non-infectious: sarcoidosis, lung cancer, emphysema, non-hodgkin’s lymphoma, kaposi’s sarcoma
- signs: cyanosis, adventitious, respiratory distress, tachypnea
OROPHARNGEAL
- hepatitic B or C, pancreatitis, cryptosporidium diarrhea, esophagitis
- sx: constipation, melena (dark sticky feces c digested blood), hematochezia (rectal bleeding), urinary
HIV: HIV - Systems
CNS - (2), sx (4)
oncologic - (3), tx=(1), virus, petechia purpura what
derma - (2.2), molloscum d/t + sx, kaposi trend + what + sx (3)
sx: mental
CNS
- meningitis, focal demyelinating lesion
- sx: mental status, vision, weakness, seizure
ONCOLOGIC
- leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia
- tx = bone marrow toxicity
- petechia/purpura: bruises
DERMA
- maco or morbi rash, oral ulcer or lesion
- molloscum contagiosum: d/t pox virus = round firm bump
- kaposi sarcoma: most cutaneous complication; vascular neoplasm = nodule, plaque, patches
HIV: AIDS
trend, d/t, structure (3)
patho - dec (1), what happens to brain, cells (3G), structure most common = sx (2), encephalitis d/t (2.5)
- most common & important CNS complications d/t HIV 1
- structure: primary motor, sensory, premotor cortices
PATHO
- dec cortical gray matter, brain atrophy
- perivascular macrophage & lymphocyte infiltrate multinucleated giant cells, myelin loss, white matter astrogliosis
- basal nuclei as most common = extrapyramidal sx & movement
- encephalitis: d/t non-hodgkins lymphoma, leukoencephalopathy, cytomegalovirus, toxoplasmosis, varicella, herpes, BK
HIV: AIDS
(2) cause damage to neurons - from/whatt
sx - c/c, (4) conditions (ANI MND HAND), domains (7), movement (6)
- protein from viral gene
- cytokine (inflam mediator) as response to immune system activation
sx
- c/o neurocognitive
- asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment, major neurocognitive dementia, HIV-associated neurocognitive dementia
- domains: executive, attention, sociocognition, learning, memory, language, perceptual motor
- movement: visual, speech, sensory, weak, clumsy, ataxia
HIV: AIDS - Prognosis & Tx
lifespan c HAND (2)
HAND indication
worse prognosis (5)
tx (1)
- HAND c ART = 38.5m
- HAND s ART = 3-6m
- HAND as death indicator
worse prognosis
- age
- IV drug
- hepatitis C
- dec hemoglobin, platelets
HIV: AIDS - Stages
stage 0, 0.5 (2) sx (2), 1 (2), 2 (1) sx (1), 3 (2G), 4 sx (4)
STAGE 0 (normal)
STAGE 0.5 (SUBCLINICAL/EQUIVOCAL)
- minimal or equivocal, no impairment
- sx: slowed movement, snout response
STAGE 1 (MILD)
- more demanding has unequivocal
STAGE 2 (MOD)
- can’t do more demanding
- sx: gait c one prop
STAGE 3 (SEVERE)
- major intellectual & motor
STAGE 4 (END STAGE)
- sx: vegetative, rudimentary, mute, incontinence
HIV: AIDS - Symptoms & Signs
cognitive (2), motor (2), behavior (1)
COGNITIVE
- sx: concentration, forgetfulness
- sign: slow thought, bye executive
MOTOR
- sx: gait, urinary
- sign: slowed movement, saccadic ocular pursuit
BEHAVIOR
- sx: loss of interest
- sign: apathy
