HIV Flashcards
what is the SDG for HIV
SDG Target 3.3
Aim: End the epidemics of AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, neglected tropical diseases, and combat hepatitis and other communicable diseases.
what is the global target by 2025
95-95-95 Targets by 2025: Goals to have 95% of people with HIV know their status, 95% of those diagnosed receive sustained ART, and 95% of those on ART achieve viral suppression.
what are the barriers to achieving the targtes
Funding Gap: $8 billion needed annually to end AIDS as a public health threat by 2030, particularly impacting low and middle-income countries.
Service Delivery Gaps: Inadequate healthcare infrastructure and workforce, with only 75% of those with HIV aware of their status as of 2020.
Stigma and Discrimination: Leads to reduced access to healthcare and influences policy-making, especially prominent in regions like Russia where opioid substitution therapy (OST) is banned.
Political and Social Challenges: Legal issues and criminalization of certain groups hinder effective HIV prevention and treatment.
Economic Factors: Poverty exacerbates the HIV epidemic by limiting access to healthcare and necessary treatments.
what are SA initatives
National Strategic Plan on HIV, TB, and STIs (2017-2022): Aims to reduce infections and improve health outcomes.
Thuma Mina Campaign: Community mobilization to encourage HIV testing and treatment.
She Conquers Campaign: Targets high infection rates among young females by combining HIV prevention with support for education and economic development.
Improved ART Access: South Africa has one of the largest ART programs worldwide, though challenges remain, especially in rural areas.
what is the global burden
Uneven globally; the African Region has nearly two-thirds of the global HIV population.
how many people are living with HIV?
39 million, 2022, WHD
what are the WHO guidlines to do with HIV
Emphasize a public health approach, rapid ART initiation, and differentiated service delivery models.
how many people were on ART at the end of 2022
29.8 million
how effective is PrEP in rediucing the risk of HIV in sex and injectors?
sex 99% and among injectors by at least 74%.
what is the gap in UNAIDs funding?
big gap in low and middle income countries, 8 billion needed annually to reach 2030 targets to end AID
briefly, what are the barriers to achieving the end of HIV/AIDS epidemic?
- financial barriers affect availability of medications and health services, implementation of preventive measures like education and condom distribution
-gaps in service delivery - stigma and disrciimination
-political and social challenges
-enconomic and poverty
how many people does the WHO says knew their status in 2020?
75%
Describe gaps in service delviery
particularly in rural and marginalised communities, insufficient healthcare infrastructure, trained workforce, medicines like ART. WHO says that in 2020 only 75% of people living with HIV were aware of their status and fewer still received continuous treatment
how does stigma and discrimination prevent inidiiduals from seeking healthcare in russia. what is an exmaple
UNAIDs highlights that stigma not only affects the individual health seeking behaviour but also influences policy making and the allocation of resources, leading to neglect of key populations high at risk of HIV. eg of this is in Russia. Russia is the 5th ranking of new HIV rates globally largely driven by injection drug use. The country has banned OST opioid substitution therapy, an evidence based treatment for opioid dependency but its banned based on strong governmental stance against drug laws. This contributes to high needle sharing amongst drug users which is a major factor in HIV transmission.
the poverty and social challenges in SA
intersection with HIV/AIDs with poverty is very pronounced. Poverty included less UHC due to financial burden of accessing treatment, high OOP and lack of health insurance. Ie in SA: has one of the highest rates of HIV prevalence globally with significant disparities linked to socioeconomic status. Poverty in SA exacerbates the HIV epidemic by limiting access to healthcare and education, which are critical for prevention and treatment. High unemployment rates and low income in many communities mean that people have less access to antiretroviral therapy and are more likely to engage in high-risk behaviours such as transactional sex for economic survival. Economic barriers also include the costs associated with travelling to treatment centres, which are often located far from the poorest communities. The South African government and various NGOs are working to improve access to HIV services by providing free antiretroviral treatment and integrating HIV care with other health services, but economic challenges remain a significant hurdle.
