HIV

Question 1

Stages of HIV infection is divided based on what?

Answer 1

> Chronicity

> Presence of opportunistic infection

Question 2

Enumerate the stages of HIV infection:

Answer 2

1. Primary infection
2. Persistent and Chronic Infection
3. Advanced Diseases (AIDS)

1. Asymptomatic
2. Symptomatic
3. AIDS-related complex
4. End stage
5. Death

Question 3

In primary HIV infection the virus infects ___ cells, predominantly ____

Answer 3

> CD4+ cells

> T-lymphocytes

Question 4

During HIV primary infection, what is the major site for the establishment and propagation of HIV infection? Particularly in what area?

Answer 4

Lymphoid system
> Sa lymphoid tissue / lymph nodes nagsstay at dumadami ang virus.

> Particularly in Gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT)

Question 5

What causes acute retroviral syndrome? What is this syndrome also known as?

Answer 5

a.k.a. a mononucleosis-like illness

> Viremia - sobrang increased viral load sa blood; effect is para kang may flu-like symptoms.

> All patients undergo this viremic stage in the primary stage of infection

Question 6

What is IMPORTANT to establish diagnosis of AIDS?

Answer 6

> CD4+ T-cell count <200 microliters

> An AIDS-defining opportunistic disease

Question 7

Ito yung sinasabi na undetectable HIV viral load levels

Answer 7

Maitaining the plasma viral load consistently at <50 copies of RNA per mL

Question 8

Discuss the typical COURSE of an UNtreated HIV-infected individual.

Answer 8

1. Primary infection - still high CD4+; increasing viral load; can exhibit flu-like symptoms
2. Clinical latency - CD4+ gradually declines; lasts from 1st year to 5-6 years
3. Constitutional symptoms - lalong bumababa CD4+
4. Opportunistic diseases - if <200 microliters, opportunistic diseases start to appear (seen in HIV-1 subtypes B and C; NOT in HIV subtype A and E dito sa Philippines kasi dito the pxs probable exposure was only 2-3 yrs ago but now present with full-blown AIDS.
5. Death - end stage

Question 9

The time between exposure and when the test can detect the HIV virus is known as ___

Answer 9

Window period

Question 10

The time between exposure and when the signs become visible is called the ___

Answer 10

Incubation period

Question 11

What is the most significant co-infection with HIV?

Answer 11

Pulmonary TB

Question 12

___ is used to distinguish IRIS manifestations related to opportunistic diseases from IRIS manifestations related to autoimmune diseases

Answer 12

Immune reconstitution disease (IRD)

Question 13

IRIS related to a known pre-existing infection or neoplasm is referred to as ___

Answer 13

Paradoxical IRIS

Question 14

IRIS associated with a previously undiagnosed condition is referred to as ___

Answer 14

Unmasking IRIS