Common Allergic Diseases Flashcards
What causes angioedema in general?
Increased levels of bradykinin
Is allergic rhinitis allergic or non-allergic?
Classified as both; Symptom-wise, it is hard to distinguish which is allergic and non-allergic
What are the pre-disposing factors of non-allergic allergic rhinitis?
Climate change
Strong odors
What is the diagnosis requirement for allergic rhinitis?
> Clinical hx of rhinitis sx
Allergen exposure (temporal relationship)
Documentation of sensitization to an environmental allergen
Up to 50% of patients with allergic rhinitis manifest what?
Asthma
Major effector cell in urticaria?
Mast cell
Urticaria due to ingestion of allergens is more common compared to that due to inhalation of airborne allergens. T or F?
True
27 year old male, noticed some rashes whenever he jogs. But this goes away after he takes a shower. Which of the following may be caused by a rise in body core temperature?
Cholinergic urticaria
A 16 year old male came in because of recurrent bouts of angioedema of the lips and eyelids since 3 months ago. He also has abdominal cramps and throat swelling but no rashes. One relative has similar symptoms. What is the possible cause of this condition?
deficiency of inhibitor of the activated first component of the complement system
How can you differentiate between cholinergic urticaria and exercise-induced anaphylaxis?
Exercise-Induced anaphylaxis is precipitated by exertion alone or can be dependent on prior food ingestion and it is NOT RELATED to rise in core body temperature, unlike in cholinergic urticaria which is attributed to a rise in core body temperature
Which of the following causes urticaria via non-immunologic mechanisms? A. ACE inhibitors B. penicillin C. dermographism D. radiocontrast media
D. radiocontrast media
Which of the following most common sites for urticaria? A. Chest and neck area B. Trunk and back area C. Face and extremities D. mucosal surfaces
C. Face and extremities
Which of the most frequent site angioedema? A. GI tract B. Periorbital area C. Respiratory tract D. Neck
B. Periorbital area
Which of the following best describes the pathology of urticaria?
A. edema of the superficial dermis
B. inflammation of the blood vessels
C. inflammation of dermatocytes
D. edema of the subcutaneous tissue and deep dermis
A. edema of the superficial dermis
A 50 year old male with chronic urticaria came to you for consult. You wanted to prescribe a nonsedating drug to address the pruritus. Which of the following can be given? A. second generation antihistamine B. first generation antihistamine C. steroid tablet D. H2 blocker
A. second generation antihistamine
Which of the following DOESN’T refer to symptom/findings in urticarias?
A. lesions leave no residual hyperpigmentation
B. will blanch diascopy
C. lesions more pruritic than painful
D. lesions persist longer than 36 hours
D. lesions persist longer than 36 hours
A 25 year old male noted swelling of lips for 3 days. Which of the following symptoms will make you suspect hereditary angioedema? A. nonpitting edema B. nonpruritic urticarial lesions C. hypotension D. nonblanching wheals
B. nonpruritic urticarial lesions
A 43 y/o male underwent CT Scan with contrast. She noted pruritic wheals over the trunk and angioedema of the lips. What is the possible mechanism for this reaction? A. IgE-mediated reaction B. complement activation C. direct mast cell activation D. immune complex-mediated reaction
C. direct mast cell activation
Which of the following causes angioedema via bradykinin mediated mechanisms?
A. Hereditary angioedema
B. ACE inhibitors
C. Serum sickness
B. ACE inhibitors
The dark circles around the eyes of patients with chronic rhinitis are due to which of the following?
A. effect of histamine on conjunctival mucosa
B. venous stasis due to pressure on the veins from edema of nasal cavity
C. inflammatory reaction in the nasal cavity
D. skin discoloration due to allergenic inflammation
B. venous stasis due to pressure on the veins from edema of nasal cavityd
patient has been experiencing rhinitis symptoms since he started living with relatives 1 week ago. The house has been poorly maintained and household members do not clean the house regularly. What advice will give initially for this patient?
A. short course steroids therapy
B. intake of antihistamines
C. avoidance of exposure to the offending agents
D. allergen immunotherapy
C. avoidance of exposure to the offending agents
A 20 year old male came in because of small, punctate urticarial lesions, surrounded by a large area of erythema, mostly over the neck, face and extremities, which would appear weekly after ROTC training. It would resolve after he takes a cold shower. What is the most likely cause?
Cholinergic urticaria
A 32 year old female, developed difficulty of breathing right after taking her antibiotic. What else should you check in order to diagnose Anaphylaxis?
check the blood pressure if there is hypotension
A patient in the ward developed sudden hypotension. To confirm the diagnosis of anaphylaxis, what test can you request?
serum tryptase
Which of the following cause anaphylaxis? A. B cells B. T cells C. Complements D. IgE antibodies
D. IgE antibodies
A 40 year old male came to the ER with hypotension. When will you suspect anaphylaxis?
If the patient has other systemic symptoms like dyspnea or generalized rashes
Which of the following induces anaphylaxis via immunologic mechanisms?
A. Aspirinskin discoloration due to allergenic inflammation
B. Shrimp allergen
C. Opiates
D. Food additives
B. Shrimp allergen
Which of the following causes or explains the multisystemic symptoms of anaphylaxis?
A. circulation of histamine in the bloodstream because of injection of allergen
B. widespread, systemic degranulation of mast cells in the body
C. entrance of the allergen into the bloodstream
D. mast cell stabilization
B. widespread, systemic degranulation of mast cells in the body
A 22 y/o male had sudden onset of dyspnea, diffuse erythema and loss of consciousness while hosting a children’s birthday party in a restaurant. What could be the possible cause of the anaphylaxis?
latex
A 30 year old male, experienced generalized rashes an hour after eating in a seafood restaurant. There was associated difficulty of swallowing. What is the cause of his symptoms?
anaphylaxis
Anaphylaxis is a sudden life-threatening condition requiring urgent attention and management. Which of the following explains the severity of symptoms and reasons why it could lead to death?
A. There is widespread systemic antibody release in all major areas of the body
B. The allergens which cause it are deadly
C. All the cells in the body become hypersensitive
D. There is widespread, systemic degranulation of mast cells in the body releasing a lot of chemical mediators
D. There is widespread, systemic degranulation of mast cells in the body releasing a lot of chemical mediators
