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A2 History: (1) Developments in Nazi Control after 1933 > Hitler's Consolidation of Power 1933-34 > Flashcards

Hitler's Consolidation of Power 1933-34 Flashcards

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1
Q

On the evening of 30th January 1933 what had happened?

A

Torchlight parades were held by Nazis to celebrate and intimidate rivals

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2
Q

What were the weaknesses of Hitler becoming chancellor, however?

A

He didn’t have complete power
Nazis were losing support and money
They were in coalition with the Nationalists and only had 3 out of 12 seats

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3
Q

Nevertheless, what were the advantages of Hitler becoming chancellor?

A

Hindenburg became increasingly senile.

Immediately called new elections

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4
Q

What is the significance of Hitler and Hindenburg’s relationship?

A

Hitler used the media to portray himself as a friend of Hindenburg

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5
Q

What does Gleichschaltung mean?

A

Coordination

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6
Q

Why did Hitler adopt Gleichschaltung, what did it eliminate?

A

It eliminated individualism by forcing everybody to adhere to a specific doctrine

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7
Q

Give evidence of Gleichschaltung

A

The April 1933 law which purged the civil service of Jews

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8
Q

What were Individual state governments replaced with? What was now in action?

A

Replaced by “Reich commissioners” who were either Nazis or Nazi sympathisers. The Fuhrerprinzip was now in action

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9
Q

Support and Opposition:

When was the Appeal of German people?

A

31st January 1933

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10
Q 
Support and Opposition:
Famous quote (Appeal of German people speech)
A

“We have no desire to fight for ourselves; only for Germany”

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11
Q

Support and Opposition:

Why did people SUPPORT him because of the Appeal of German speech?

A
  1. He promised a stronger economy and nation
  2. Put emphasis on traditional ideas and how great the 2nd reich was - being Kaiser lead
  3. Promised futures for civil servants. “within 4 years, the German farmer will be saved from pauperism”
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12
Q

Support and Opposition:

Why did people OPPOSE him because of the Appeal of German speech (left wing)?

A

Left wing were apprehensive - the day after taking over Germany he was already accusing the Left wing for making the country a “heap of ruins”

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13
Q

Support and Opposition:

When was the Reichstag Fire?

A

27th February 1933

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14
Q

Support and Opposition:

Why did the Reichstag Fire lead to SUPPORT?

A
  1. It showed him take control of an emergency - painted the idea that he was a strong leader
  2. It lead to the formation of the Enabling Act on 23rd March - right winged/nostalgic people wanted this
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15
Q

Support and Opposition:

Why did the Reichstag Fire lead to OPPOSITION?

A

Communists were blamed immediately

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16
Q

When was the Reichstag election and what were the results?

A

5th March 1933

Nazi votes increased from 33% to 44%

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17
Q

Support and Opposition:

When was the Enabling Act passed?

A

March 23rd 1933

18
Q

Support and Opposition:

Why did Hitler adopt the Enabling Act, what did he have no intention of acting within?

A

He had no intention of acting within a participatory democracy

19
Q

Support and Opposition:

What did the Enabling Act mean?

A

It meant the abolition of other political parties, with all political powers put in his hands

20
Q

Support and Opposition:

What was the final vote for the Enabling Act?

A

444 for’ vs 94 who were ‘against’

Those who voted against were all socialists

21
Q

Support and Opposition:

What did the Enabling Act allow the cabinet to do?

A

Introduce legislation without it going through the Reichstag or have presidential power

22
Q

Support and Opposition:

Why did the Enabling Act lead to support? However why was this not an “groundbreaking” change?

A

Reflected authoritarian rule and traditional German values

However, he wasn’t the first to do this, Bruning used Article 48

23
Q

Support and Opposition:

Why did the Enabling Act lead to opposition?

A

Social Democrats were the only ones to vote against it

24
Q

Support and Opposition:

When was the Day of Potsdam?

A

21st March 1933

25
Q

Support and Opposition:

Why did the Day of Potsdam lead to support?

A

Hitler showed reverence to Hindenburg, people who liked Hindenburg now liked Hitler - e.g. of propaganda

26
Q

Support and Opposition:

Why did the Day of Potsdam lead to opposition?

A

Some people could see what his intentions were, and many people who loved Hindenburg knew he wasn’t fond of Hitler - people saw it as a pretence

27
Q

Support and Opposition:

When was the Night of Long Knives?

A

30th June 1934

28
Q

Support and Opposition:

Who was the head of SA?

A 
SA = Ernst Rohm
SS = Himmler
29
Q

Support and Opposition:

Why did Hitler feel threatened and who convinced him?

A

The SA were going beyond his orders and he felt like he was losing his control. He was convinced by Himmler, Goering and Goebbels

30
Q

Support and Opposition:

What happened on the NoLK?

A

He got the SS to arrest SA leaders and political opponents and charged them with treason and executed them. (Rohm was shot)

31
Q

Support and Opposition:

How many died on the NoLK?

A

77

32
Q

Support and Opposition:

Why did the Night of Long Knives lead to support?

A

People who disliked SA approved

Right winged people believed Hitler was fearless and a strong leader for purging his own party.

33
Q

Support and Opposition:

Why did the Night of Long Knives lead to opposition?

A

This was a red flag to many. If he did this to his own party, what would he be willing to do to citizens of Germany?

34
Q

Support and Opposition:

When did Hindenburg die?

A

2nd August 1934, aged 87

35
Q

Support and Opposition:

Within an hour of Hindenburg’s death, what did Hitler do?

A

He announced the roles of President and Chancellor would be merged and he would take the title Fuhrer

36
Q

Support and Opposition:

What did officers and men take an oath of?

A

They took an oath of allegiance to Hitler personally

37
Q

Support and Opposition:

On the 19th August, what were Germans asked to take part in?

A

A plebiscite; to indicate their approval of Hitler being called ‘Fuhrer’

38
Q

Support and Opposition:

What were the results of the plebiscite?

A

90% yes, 10% yes

39
Q

Support and Opposition:

Why did the death of Hindenburg lead to support?

A

He spoke about the formation of the Fuhrer an hour after Hindenburg’s death, he discussed the formation of the Fuhrer, this reminded nostalgic Germans of the Kaiser

40
Q

Support and Opposition:

Why did the death of Hindenburg lead to opposition?

A

Many disliked the idea of a single party state

Anybody who had links to democracy opposed this

A2 History: (1) Developments in Nazi Control after 1933 (6 decks)

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