Hitler Keeping Control

Question 1

Youth opposition

Answer 1

Swing movement-jazz music banned
Edelweiss pirates-beat up Hitler youth+killed gestapo chief
The white Rose- anti Nazi pamphlets

All wanted greater freedom

Question 2

Church opposition

Answer 2

Dietrich Bonhoeffer wanted to remove Nazism
Cardinal Galen - overturned euthanasia policy
Reich Church
Broke concordate agreement

Question 3

Army

Answer 3

Lt colonel Beck - bomb in suitcase plot
Hated losing
Didn’t agree with Hitler (eg rearming Rhineland)

Question 4

Intellectuals

Answer 4

Einstein

Question 5

Treatment of minority groups

Answer 5

Informal persecution (eg boycotting shops)
Nuremberg laws
Kristellnacht marked end of this
Ghettoes/concentration camps

Question 6

Nuremberg laws 1935

Answer 6

Blacks/Jews could not marry any one of Aryan race

No right to citizenship too

Question 7

How they kept control

Answer 7

Terror
Education
Media/culture

Question 8

Terror keeping control

Answer 8

Gestapo (secret police) used informers, secret tortured prisoners + right to arrest and detain
SS ran concentration camps from 1934, scared citizens
Army presence everywhere (military uniform = intimidation)
Court/Judges = oath of loyalty to Hitler, bias to Nazis even with no evidence

Question 9

Education keeping control

Answer 9

The Hitler youth
Focus on PE in schools
Change in spec for history and biology
Teacher oath of loyalty

Question 10

Media etc

Answer 10

Books (Michael written by Goebbels)
Nazi films (The Evil Jew)
Radio stations became cheap, controlled by Hitler
Controlled what was published in newspapers
Strength through Joy = leisure activities to occupy workers in spare time+provided holidays and trips
Censorship of the press

Question 11

Germany was a totalitarian state

Answer 11

• economy (unemployment fixed, controlled factory production)
• education (lessons changed, Hitler youth, PE)
• politically (parties banned, German Labour front replaced trade unions
• leisure (strength through joy, books, films, censorship of the press)
• socially (motherhood cross, ‘kinder keychain, kirsche’

Question 12

Germany was not a totalitarian state

Answer 12

• politically (secret meetings eg communists)
• ## war encouraged opposition as Nazi’s preoccupied

Question 13

Impact of war on Germans

Answer 13

Rationing
Air raids
Refugees
Employment

Question 14

Impact of rationing during war

Answer 14

Food consumption per person fell 25 per cent by 1941.
Jews given less entitlements to food
Luxury items available to rich
Coal shortage
More severe towards end of war
Little opposition overall

Question 15

Impact of air raids during war

Answer 15

3.6 million homes destroyed
7.5 million people homeless
Strengthened determination of Jews
Media downplayed deaths and destruction (morale remained)

Question 16

Impact of refugees during war

Answer 16

8 million slave labourers or other homeless

11 million ethnic German refugees

Question 17

Impact on employment during war

Answer 17

13.7 men in army
Women never worked but when Hitler needed them to only a third eligible did (factories/medics)
Forced labour (prisoners of war)

Question 18

How did Hitler increase employment

Answer 18

Women/Jews not included in count
Public work schemes
Strength through joy
Aim of autarky